Space and laboratory discovery of HC3S+

Abstract

We report the detection in TMC-1 of the protonated form of C3S. The discovery of the cation HC3S+ was carried through the observation of four harmonically related lines in the Q band using the Yebes 40m radiotelescope, and is supported by accurate ab initio calculations and laboratory measurements of its rotational spectrum. We derive a column density N(HC3S+) = (2.0 +/- 0.5)e11 cm-2, which translates to an abundance ratio C3S/HC3S+ of 65 +/- 20. This ratio is comparable to the CS/HCS+ ratio (35 +/- 8) and is a factor of about ten larger than the C3O/HC3O+ ratio previously found in the same source. However, the abundance ratio HC3O+/HC3S+ is 1.0 +/- 0.5, while C3O/C3S is just 0.11. We also searched for protonated C2S in TMC-1, based on ab initio calculations of its spectroscopic parameters, and derive a 3sigma upper limit of N(HC2S+) < 9e11 cm-2 and a C2S/HC2S+ > 60. The observational results are compared with a state-of-the-art gas-phase chemical model and conclude that HC3S+ is mostly formed through several pathways: proton transfer to C3S, reaction of S+ with c-C3H2, and reaction between neutral atomic sulfur and the ion C3H3+.

Accepted for publication in A&A Letters

References in corpus (7)

• The 2014 KIDA network for interstellar chemistry
• Yebes 40 m radio telescope and the broad band NANOCOSMOS receivers at 7 mm and 3 mm for line surveys
• Discovery of HC4NC in TMC-1: A study of the isomers of HC3N, HC5N, and HC7N
• Discovery of HC3O+ in space: The chemistry of O-bearing species in TMC-1
• Interstellar nitrile anions: Detection of C3N- and C5N- in TMC-1
• Tentative detection of HC5NH+ in TMC-1
• Descendant of the X-ogen carrier and a "mass of 69": Infrared action spectroscopic detection of HC${}_3$O${}^{+}$ and HC${}_3$S${}^{+}$

Cited by in corpus (36)

• 2021 Census of Interstellar, Circumstellar, Extragalactic, Protoplanetary Disk, and Exoplanetary Molecules
• Pure hydrocarbon cycles in TMC-1: Discovery of ethynyl cyclopropenylidene, cyclopentadiene and indene
• Discovery of benzyne, o-C6H4, in TMC-1 with the QUIJOTE line survey
• TMC-1, the starless core sulfur factory: Discovery of NCS, HCCS, H2CCS, H2CCCS, and C4S and detection of C5S
• Discovery of two isomers of ethynyl cyclopentadiene in TMC-1: Abundances of CCH and CN derivatives of hydrocarbon cycles
• Discovery of fulvenallene in TMC-1 with the QUIJOTE line survey
• Discovery of the propargyl radical (CH2CCH) in TMC-1: one of the most abundant radicals ever found and a key species for cyclization to benzene in cold dark clouds
• O-bearing complex organic molecules at the cyanopolyyne peak of TMC-1: detection of C2H3CHO, C2H3OH, HCOOCH3, and CH3OCH3
• Discovery of CH2CHCCH and detection of HCCN, HC4N, CH3CH2CN, and, tentatively, CH3CH2CCH in TMC-1
• The sulphur saga in TMC-1: Discovery of HCSCN and HCSCCH
• Discovery of the elusive thioketenylium, HCCS+, in TMC-1
• Discovery of the acetyl cation, CH3CO+, in space and in the laboratory
• Discovery of H${}_2$CCCH${}^{+}$ in TMC-1
• Cumulene carbenes in TMC-1: Astronomical discovery of $l$-H${}_2$C${}_5$
• Discovery of C5H+ and detection of C3H+ in TMC-1 with the QUIJOTE line survey
• Discovery of two new interstellar molecules with QUIJOTE: HCCCHCCC and HCCCCS
• Space and laboratory observation of the deuterated cyanomethyl radical HDCCN
• Discovery of HCCCO and C5O in TMC-1 with the QUIJOTE line survey
• Discovery of thiofulminic acid with the QUIJOTE line survey: A study of the isomers of HNCS and HNCO in TMC-1
• Discovery of a new molecular ion, HC7NH+, in TMC-1
• A new protonated molecule discovered in TMC-1: HCCNCH+
• Discovery of five cyano derivatives of propene with the QUIJOTE line survey
• Discovery of interstellar NC4NH+: dicyanopolyynes are indeed abundant in space
• Discovery of the cyclic C5H radical in TMC-1
• Laboratory and astronomical discovery of cyanothioketene, NCCHCS, in the cold starless core TMC-1
• Discovery of interstellar 3-cyano propargyl radical, CH2CCCN
• Detection of deuterated methylcyanoacetylene, CH${}_2$DC${}_3$N, in TMC-1
• Discovery of allenyl acetylene, H2CCCHCCH, in TMC-1. A study of the isomers of C5H4
• Structures and Properties of Known and Postulated Interstellar Cations
• Laboratory observation and astronomical search of 1-cyano propargyl radical, HCCCHCN
• First detection of HS2 in a cold dark cloud
• Spectroscopic Detection and Characterization of Cyanooxomethylium, NCCO${}^{+}$
• Gas phase Elemental abundances in Molecular cloudS (GEMS) VIII. Unlocking the CS chemistry: the CH + S$\to$ CS + H and C${}_2$ + S$\to$ CS + C reactions
• High-resolution ro-vibrational and rotational spectroscopy of the open-shell, linear CCH${}^{+}$ ion (${}^3\Pi$)
• Synthesis and Spectroscopic Characterization of Interstellar Candidate Ethynyl Thiocyanate: HCCSCN
• Chemistry of Dark Molecular Clouds