Sensitivity of Rydberg-atom receiver to frequency and amplitude modulation of microwaves

Abstract

Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in atomic systems involving Rydberg states is known to be a sensitive probe of incident microwave (MW) fields, in particular those resonant with Rydberg-to-Rydberg transitions. Here we propose an intelligible analytical model of Rydberg atomic receiver's response to amplitude- (AM) and frequency-modulated (FM) signals, and compare it with experimental results: we present a setup that allows sending signals with either AM or FM and evaluating their efficiency with demodulation. Additionally, the setup reveals a new detection configuration, using all circular polarizations for optical fields and allowing detection of circularly polarized MW field, propagating colinearly with optical beams. In our measurements we systematically present that several parameters exhibit local optimum characteristics and then estimate these optimal parameters and working ranges, addressing the need to devise a robust Rydberg MW sensor and its operational protocol.

11 pages, 7 figures

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• Waveguide-coupled Rydberg spectrum analyzer from 0 to 20 GHz
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• A Rydberg atom based system for benchmarking mmWave automotive radar chips
• Atomic-optical interferometry in fractured loops: a general solution for Rydberg radio frequency receivers
• Long-lived collective Rydberg excitations in atomic gas achieved via ac-Stark lattice modulation
• Superheterodyne Rydberg S-band receiver with a multi-tone local oscillator based on an atomic transition loop
• Background-free calibrated electric-field imaging with Rydberg-state fluorescence and Autler-Townes splitting