High Energy Sphalerons for Baryogenesis at Low Temperatures

Abstract

We discuss baryogenesis in scenarios where the Universe is reheated to temperatures $\lesssim 100$GeV by the decay of long-lived massive particles into energetic SM particles. Before its thermalization, the center-of-mass energy in collisions between such a particle and a particle from the ambient plasma can be higher than the typical sphaleron mass, even if the temperature of the plasma itself is much lower. Optimistic estimates for the high energy enhancement of the sphaleron cross section suggest that successful baryogenesis is possible for reheating temperatures as low as $0.1\text{-}1$GeV. With a simple extension of the SM, sufficient baryon production can be achieved even if more pessimistic results for the sphaleron rate are correct. In both cases this scenario can be probed in collider and cosmic-ray experiments. We briefly discuss the possible origin of the required CP violation.

9 pages, 5 figures

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Cited by in corpus (8)

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• Thermal production of cold "hot dark matter" around eV
• CMB signature of non-thermal Dark Matter produced from self-interacting dark sector
• Superheavy dark matter from the natural inflation in light of the highest-energy astroparticle events
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• Machine Learning Classification of Sphalerons and Black Holes at the LHC
• Gauge coupling jump and small instantons from a large non-minimal coupling