Decades' long-term variations in NS-LMXBs observed with MAXI/GSC, RXTE/ASM and Ginga/ASM

Abstract

We investigated the decades' long-term X-ray variations in bright low-mass X-ray binaries containing a neutron star (NS-LMXB). The light curves of MAXI/GSC and RXTE/ASM covers $\sim$ 26 yr, and high-quality X-ray light curves are obtained from 33 NS-LMXBs. Among them, together with Ginga/ASM, two sources (GX 3$+$1 and GX 9$+$1) showed an apparent sinusoidal variation with the period of $\sim 5$ yr and $\sim 10$ yr in the 34 yr light curve. Their X-ray luminosities were $(1-4)\times 10^{37}$ erg s${}^{-1}$ in the middle of the luminosity distribution of the NS-LMXB. Other seven sources (Ser X-1, 4U 1735--444, GX 9$+$9, 4U 1746$-$37, 4U 1708$-$40, 4U 1822$-$000, and 1A 1246$-$588) have also similar sinusoidal variation, although the profiles (amplitude, period, and phase) are variable. Compering the 21 sources with known orbital periods, a possible cause of the long-term sinusoidal variation might be the mass transfer cycles induced by the irradiation to the donor star.

arXiv comment18 pages, accepted to PASJ

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Cited by in corpus (3)

• X-ray polarimetry and spectroscopy of the neutron star low-mass X-ray binary GX 9+9: an in-depth study with IXPE and NuSTAR
• NuSTAR and AstroSat observations of GX 9$+$1: Spectral and temporal studies
• A NICER and AstroSat view of the neutron star low-mass X-ray binary 1A 1246-588