Systematic bias due to eccentricity in parameter estimation for merging binary neutron stars

Abstract

We study the impact of eccentricity on gravitational-wave parameter estimation for binary neutron star systems. For signals with small eccentricity injected into the advanced LIGO sensitivity, we perform Bayesian parameter estimation using the circular waveform model and show how the recovered parameters can be biased from their true values, focusing on the intrinsic parameters the chirp mass ($M_c$), the symmetric mass ratio ($\eta$), and the tidal deformability ($\tilde{\lambda }$). By comparing the results between the Bayesian and the analytic Fisher-Cutler-Vallisneri (FCV) methods, we obtain the valid criteria for the FCV approach. Employing the FCV method and using the realistic population of binary neutron star sources distributed in the $m_1$-$m_2$-$e_0$ space, where $e_0$ indicates the eccentricity at 10Hz, we calculate the measurement errors (${\sigma }_{\theta }$) and the systematic biases ($\Delta \theta /{\sigma }_{\theta }$) and obtain their generalized distributions in the range of $0\le e_0\le 0.025$. We find that for all of the three parameters, the biases increase with increasing $e_0$, and this increase is faster for larger $e_0$. The bias is mainly dependent on the value of $e_0$ and weakly dependent on the component masses, and thus the distribution shows a narrow band in the $e_0$-$\Delta \theta /{\sigma }_{\theta }$ plane. We present various posterior examples to illustrate our new findings, such as the bimodality of posteriors. In particular, we give a specific injection-recovery example to demonstrate the importance of including eccentricity in parameter estimation to avoid incorrect predictions of the neutron star equation of state.

16 pages, 18 figures, version published in PRD

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• Spin effects in gravitational waveforms and fluxes for binaries on eccentric orbits to the third post-Newtonian order
• Evidence for eccentricity in the population of binary black holes observed by LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA
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• Third post-Newtonian dynamics for eccentric orbits and aligned spins in the effective-one-body waveform model SEOBNRv5EHM
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• Systematic bias due to eccentricity in parameter estimation for merging binary neutron stars : Spinning case