Set-up for observation thermal voltage noise and determination of absolute temperature and Boltzmann constant

Abstract

We describe a set-up for measurement of the absolute zero by Johnson-Nyquist thermal noise which can be performed within a week in every high-school or university. Necessary electronic components and technical guidelines for the construction of this noise thermometer are given. The operating temperature used is in the tea cup range from ice to boiling water and in this sense the set-up can be given in the hands of every high school and university physics student. The measurement requires a standard multi-meter with thermocouple and voltage probe and gives excellent for education purposes percent accuracy. The explanation is oriented to university level but due to the simplicity of the explanation motivated high-school students can follow the explanation derivation of the used formulas for determination of the absolute zero and the Boltzmann constant. As a by-product our set-up gives a new method for the determination of the spectral density of the voltage $e_{\mathrm{N}}$ and current noise $i_{\mathrm{N}}$ of operational amplifiers.

arXiv comment39 pages, 9 figs, 8 tables, 60 refs, 5 appendices. 2 new appendices contain: the EPO9 (9 Experimental-Physics Olympiad) problem with co-authors Aleksander P. Petkov, Leonora Velkoska and Riste Popeski-Dimovski; its solution by the EPO9 absolute champion Kristijan Shishkoski. EPO9.7z archive contains source and pdf files of the original problem given to the participants in English and Macedonian

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Cited by in corpus (1)

• Set-up for observation thermal voltage noise and determination of absolute temperature and Boltzmann constant