Stochastic gravitational waves from long cosmic strings

Abstract

We compute the expected strain power spectrum and energy density parameter of the stochastic gravitational wave background (SGWB) created by a network of long cosmic strings evolving during the whole cosmic history. As opposed to other studies, the contribution of cosmic string loops is discarded and our result provides a robust lower bound of the expected signal that is applicable to most string models. Our approach uses Nambu-Goto numerical simulations, running during the radiation, transition and matter eras, in which we compute the two-point unequal-time anisotropic stress correlators. These ones act as source terms in the linearised equations of motion for the tensor modes, that we solve using an exact Green's function integrator. Today, we find that the rescaled strain power spectrum $(k/{\mathcal{H}}_0{)}^2{\mathcal{P}}_h$ peaks on Hubble scales and exhibits, at large wavenumbers, high frequency oscillations around a plateau of amplitude $100(GU{)}^2$. Most of the high frequency power is generated by the long strings present in the matter era, the radiation era contribution being smaller.

28 pages, 9 figures, uses jcappub. References and discussions added. Matches published version

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• The nanohertz stochastic gravitational wave background from cosmic string loops and the abundant high redshift massive galaxies
• Multi-messenger constraints on Abelian-Higgs cosmic string networks
• The ups and downs of inferred cosmological lithium
• Gravitational waves from cosmic strings for pedestrians
• Primordial black holes and magnetic fields in conformal neutrino mass models
• Dynamical simulations of colliding superconducting strings