Gravitational backreaction on a cosmic string: Formalism

Abstract

We develop a method for computing the linearized gravitational backreaction for Nambu-Goto strings using a fully covariant formalism. We work with equations of motion expressed in terms of a higher dimensional analog of the geodesic equation subject to self-generated forcing terms. The approach allows arbitrary spacetime and worldsheet gauge choices for the background and perturbation. The perturbed spacetime metric may be expressed as an integral over a distributional stress-energy tensor supported on the string worldsheet. By formally integrating out the distribution, this quantity may be re-expressed in terms of an integral over the retarded image of the string. In doing so, one must pay particular attention to contributions that arise from the field point and from non-smooth regions of the string. Then, the gradient of the perturbed metric decomposes into a sum of boundary and bulk terms. The decomposition depends upon the worldsheet coordinates used to describe the string, but the total is independent of those considerations. We illustrate the method with numerical calculations of the self-force at every point on the worldsheet for loops with kinks, cusps and self-intersections using a variety of different coordinate choices. For field points on smooth parts of the worldsheet the self-force is finite. As the field point approaches a kink or cusp the self-force diverges, but is integrable in the sense that the displacement of the worldsheet remains finite. As a consistency check, we verify that the period-averaged flux of energy-momentum at infinity matches the direct work the self-force performs on the string. The methodology can be applied to address many fundamental questions for string loop evolution.

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• Cosmology with the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna
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• Comparison of cosmic string and superstring models to NANOGrav 12.5-year results
• Cylindrical Systems in General Relativity
• Gravitational backreaction simulations of simple cosmic string loops
• Primordial black holes from cusp collapse on cosmic strings
• Impact of the small-scale structure on the Stochastic Background of Gravitational Waves from cosmic strings
• Nonlinear gravitational-wave memory from cusps and kinks on cosmic strings
• Quantum gravity phenomenology at the dawn of the multi-messenger era -- A review
• Stochastic gravitational waves from long cosmic strings
• Where is the ringdown? Reconstructing quasinormal modes from dispersive waves
• Backreaction on an infinite helical cosmic string