Conformal Colliders Meet the LHC

Abstract

The remarkably high energies of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) have allowed for the first measurements of the shapes and scalings of multi-point correlators of energy flow operators, $⟨\Psi |\mathcal{E}({\vec{n}}_1)\mathcal{E}({\vec{n}}_2)\cdots \mathcal{E}({\vec{n}}_k)|\Psi ⟩$, providing new insights into the Lorentzian dynamics of quantum chromodynamics (QCD). In this Letter, we use recent advances in effective field theory to derive a rigorous factorization theorem for the light-ray density matrix, $\rho =|\Psi ⟩⟨\Psi |$, inside high transverse momentum jets at the LHC. Using the light-ray operator product expansion, the scaling behavior of multi-point correlators can be computed from the expectation value of the twist-2 spin-$J$ light-ray operators, ${\mathbb{O}}^{[J]}$, in this state, $\text{Tr}[\rho {\mathbb{O}}^{[J]}]$. We compute the light-ray density matrix at next-to-leading order, and combine this with results for the next-to-leading logarithmic scaling behavior of the correlators up to six-points, comparing with CMS Open Data. This theoretical accuracy allows us to resolve the quantum scaling dimensions of QCD light-ray operators inside jets at the LHC. Our factorization theorem for the light-ray density matrix at the LHC completes the link between recent developments in the study of energy correlators and LHC phenomenology, opening the door to a wide variety of precision jet substructure studies.

5 pages, 4 colorful figures of light-ray operator scaling

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• Energy-Energy Correlator for jet production in $pp$ and $pA$ collisions
• Observation of nuclear modification of energy-energy correlators inside jets in heavy ion collisions
• Quantum Computing for Energy Correlators
• Probing cold nuclear matter with energy correlators
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• Effective Field Theory Factorization for Diffraction
• Observable Optimization for Precision Theory: Machine Learning Energy Correlators
• Apples to Apples in Jet Quenching: robustness of Machine Learning classification of quenched jets to Underlying Event contamination