BeAGLE: Benchmark $e$A Generator for LEptoproduction in high energy lepton-nucleus collisions

Abstract

The upcoming Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) will address several outstanding puzzles in modern nuclear physics. Topics such as the partonic structure of nucleons and nuclei, the origin of their mass and spin, among others, can be understood via the study of high energy electron-proton ($ep$) and electron-nucleus ($e$A) collisions. Achieving the scientific goals of the EIC will require a novel electron-hadron collider and detectors capable to perform high-precision measurements, but also dedicated tools to model and interpret the data. To aid in the latter, we present a general-purpose $e$A Monte Carlo (MC) generator - BeAGLE. In this paper, we provide a general description of the models integrated into BeAGLE, applications of BeAGLE in $e$A physics, implications for detector requirements at the EIC, and the tuning of the parameters in BeAGLE based on available experimental data. Specifically, we focus on a selection of model and data comparisons in particle production in both $ep$ and $e$A collisions, where baseline particle distributions provide essential information to characterize the event. In addition, we investigate the collision geometry determination in $e$A collisions, which could be used as an experimental tool for varying the nuclear density.

Manuscript with 20 pages, 16 figures, and 3 tables

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• A study of nuclear structure of light nuclei at the Electron-Ion Collider
• Search for baryon junctions in e+A collisions at the Electron Ion Collider
• Design of a SiPM-on-Tile ZDC for the future EIC and its Performance with Graph Neural Networks
• Tagging Efficiency Study of Incoherent Diffractive Vector Meson Production at the Second Interaction Region at the Electron-Ion Collider
• Opportunities for Imaging Light Nuclei with a Second Interaction Region at the Electron-Ion Collider
• Producing and Studying Rare Isotopes in $e+A$ Collisions at the Electron-Ion Collider
• Centrality definition in e+A collisions at the Electron-Ion Collider