Absolute Quantification of sp${}^3$ Defects in Semiconducting Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes by Raman Spectroscopy

Abstract

The functionalization of semiconducting single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) with luminescent sp${}^3$ defects creates red-shifted emission features in the near-infrared and boosts their photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs). While multiple synthetic routes for the selective introduction of sp${}^3$ defects have been developed, a convenient metric to precisely quantify the number of defects on a SWCNT lattice is not available. Here, we present a direct and simple quantification protocol based on a linear correlation of the integrated Raman D/G${}^{+}$ signal ratios and defect densities as extracted from PLQY measurements. Corroborated by a statistical analysis of single-nanotube emission spectra at cryogenic temperature, this method enables the quantitative evaluation of sp${}^3$ defect densities in (6,5) SWCNTs with an error of $\pm$ 3 defects per micrometer and the determination of oscillator strengths for different defect types. The developed protocol requires only standard Raman spectroscopy and is independent of the defect configuration, dispersion solvent and nanotube length.

References in corpus (8)

• Quantifying defects in graphene via Raman spectroscopy at different excitation energies
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• Synthetic Control over the Binding Configuration of Luminescent sp3-Defects in Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
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• Interaction of Luminescent Defects in Carbon Nanotubes with Covalently Attached Stable Organic Radicals
• Super-localization of excitons in carbon nanotubes at cryogenic temperature

Cited by in corpus (11)

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• Easy Access to Bright Oxygen Defects in Biocompatible Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes via a Fenton-Like Reaction
• Understanding the optical properties of doped and undoped 9-armchair graphene nanoribbons in dispersion
• How to Recognize Clustering of Luminescent Defects in Single-Wall Carbon Nanotubes
• Near-Intrinsic Photo- and Electroluminescence from Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Thin Films on BCB-Passivated Surfaces
• Photo-Activated, Solid-State Introduction of Luminescent Oxygen Defects into Semiconducting Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes
• Bandgap-Dependent Doping of Semiconducting Carbon Nanotube Networks by Proton-Coupled Electron Transfer for Stable Thermoelectrics
• Tuning Electroluminescence from Functionalized SWCNT Networks further into the Near-Infrared