Impurity scattering in superconductors revisited

Abstract

The diagrammatic formalism and transport equation are conventionally considered as separate but complementary techniques to tackle the impurity scattering effect. To compare with the previous studies from the gauge-invariant kinetic equation approach [F. Yang and M. W. Wu, Phys. Rev. B 98, 094507 (2018); 102, 144508 (2020)], we analytically perform a diagrammatic formulation of the impurity scattering in superconductors, with both transport and collective Higgs mode studied, in order to fill the long missing calculation of the Kubo current-current correlation in superconductors with impurity scattering and resolve the controversy (whether the impurity scattering can lead to the damping of Higgs mode) between gauge-invariant kinetic equation and Eilenberger equation. For transport behavior, through a special unitary transformation that is equivalent to the Wilson-line technique for the diamagnetic response, we derive the Meissner-supercurrent vertex. Then, by formulating the supercurrent-supercurrent correlation with Born and vertex corrections from impurity scattering, we recover the previously revealed microscopic momentum-relaxation rate of superfluid by gauge-invariant kinetic equation. This rate is finite only when the superconducting velocity is larger than a threshold, at which the normal fluid emerges and causes the friction with the superfluid current, similar to the Landau's superfluid theory of liquid helium. This derivation also provides a physical understanding of the relaxation-time approximation in the previous diagrammatic formulation in the literature, which leads to the friction resistance of the Meissner supercurrent. For the collective Higgs mode, we calculate the amplitude-amplitude correlation with Born and vertex corrections from impurity scattering. The vertex correction, which only emerges at nonequilibrium case, leads to a Higgs-mode damping, ......

17 pages, 2 figures

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Cited by in corpus (7)

• Nonlinear Response of Diffusive Superconductors to $ac$-electromagnetic Fields
• The Higgs-Amplitude mode in the optical conductivity in the presence of a supercurrent: Gauge-invariant formulation with disorder
• Collisionless dynamics in disordered superconductors
• Diamagnetic property and optical absorption in conventional superconductors with magnetic impurities
• Optical response of Higgs mode in superconductors at clean limit: formulation through Eilenberger equation and Ginzburg-Landau Lagrangian
• Spatially resolved collective modes in d-wave superconductors
• Anomalous terahertz nonlinearity in disordered s-wave superconductor close to the superconductor-insulator transition