Life and death of the Bose polaron

Abstract

Spectroscopic and interferometric measurements complement each other in extracting the fundamental properties of quantum many-body systems. While spectroscopy provides precise measurements of equilibrated energies, interferometry can elucidate the dynamical evolution of the system. For an impurity immersed in a bosonic medium, both are equally important for understanding the quasiparticle physics of the Bose polaron. Here, we compare the interferometric and spectroscopic timescales to the underlying dynamical regimes of the impurity dynamics and the polaron lifetime, highlighting the capability of the interferometric approach to clearly resolve polaron dynamics. In particular, interferometric measurements of the coherence amplitude at strong interactions reveal faster quantum dynamics at large repulsive interaction strengths than at unitarity. These observations are in excellent agreement with a short-time theoretical prediction including both the continuum and the attractive polaron branch. For longer times, qualitative agreement with a many-body theoretical prediction which includes both branches is obtained. Moreover, the polaron energy is extracted from interferometric measurements of the observed phase velocity in agreement with previous spectroscopic results from weak to strong attractive interactions. Finally, the phase evolution allows for the measurement of an energetic equilibration timescale, describing the initial approach of the phase velocity to the polaron energy. Theoretically, this is shown to lie within the regime of universal dynamics revealing a fast initial evolution towards the formation of polarons. Our results give a comprehensive picture of the many-body physics governing the Bose polaron and thus validates the quasiparticle framework for further studies.

10 pages, 6 figures

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Cited by in corpus (15)

• Non-equilibrium dynamics of dipolar polarons
• Competing few-body correlations in ultracold Fermi polarons
• Polaritons for testing the universality of an impurity in a Bose-Einstein condensate
• Universal quantum dynamics of Bose polarons
• Polarons in Binary Bose-Einstein Condensates
• Dual Spectroscopy of Quantum Simulated Fermi-Hubbard Systems
• Temperature-induced miscibility of impurities in trapped Bose gases
• Thermally induced localization of dopants in a magnetic spin ladder
• Functional renormalisation group approach to the finite-temperature Bose polaron
• Non-equilibrium dynamics and atom-pair coherence in strongly interacting Bose-Fermi mixtures
• Polaronic dressing of bound states
• Weak and strong coupling polarons in binary Bose-Einstein condensates
• Phenomenological model of decaying Bose polarons
• Three-body Physics in the Impurity Limit of 39K Bose-Einstein Condensates
• Optical response of the supersolid polaron