Questioning Planck-selected star-forming high-redshift galaxy protoclusters and their fate

Abstract

About 2100 star-forming galaxy protocluster candidates at z=1-4 were identified at sub-mm wavelengths in the Planck all sky survey. Follow-up spectroscopic observations of a few candidates have confirmed the presence of actual galaxy overdensities with large star-formation rates. In this work, we use state-of-the-art hydrodynamical simulations to investigate whether the Planck high-z sub-mm sources are progenitors of massive clusters at z=0. To match the PHz sources with simulated halos, we select the most star-forming halos from z = 3 to z =1.3 in the TNG300 simulation. The total star formation rate (SFR) of the simulated protocluster candidates is computed from the SFR of all the galaxies within an aperture corresponding to the Planck beam size, including those along the line-of-sight. The simulations reproduce the Planck derived SFRs as the sum of both, the SFR of at least one of the most SF high-z halo, and the average contribution from SF sources along the line-of-sight. Focusing on the spectroscopically confirmed PHz protoclusters, we compare the observed properties of their galaxy members with those in the most SF simulated halos. We find a good agreement in the stellar mass and SFR distributions, and in the galaxy number counts, but the SFR-stellar mass relation of the simulated galaxies tends to be shifted to lower SFRs with respect to the observed one. Based on the estimated final masses of the simulated halos, we infer that between 63% and 72% of the Planck selected protoclusters will evolve into massive galaxy clusters at z=0. Despite contamination from star-forming galaxies along the line of sight, we confirm the efficiency of Planck to select star-forming protoclusters at Cosmic Noon with the simulations, and provide a new criterion for selecting the most massive cluster progenitors at high-z, using observables like the number of galaxy members and their SFR distribution.

Accepted to A&A, 17 pages, 11 figures, comments are welcome

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Cited by in corpus (9)

• JWST's PEARLS: Prime Extragalactic Areas for Reionization and Lensing Science: Project Overview and First Results
• A lensed protocluster candidate at $z=7.66$ identified in JWST observations of the galaxy cluster SMACS0723-7327
• Evaluating Lya Emission as a Tracer of the Largest Cosmic Structure at z~2.47
• Galaxy populations in protoclusters at cosmic noon
• Quantifying the Impact of Incompleteness on Identifying and Interpreting Galaxy Protocluster Populations with the TNG-Cluster Simulation
• Tracing the Total Stellar Mass and Star Formation of High-Redshift Protoclusters
• An ALMA spectroscopic survey of the Planck high-redshift object PLCK G073.4-57.5 confirms two protoclusters
• Simultaneously Modelling Dusty Star Forming Galaxies and Massive Quiescents: A Calibration Framework for Galaxy Formation Models
• Fueling and feedback mechanisms at the nodes of the cosmic web