Jets from main sequence and white dwarf companions during common envelope evolution

Abstract

It has long been speculated that jet feedback from accretion onto the companion during a common envelope (CE) event could affect the orbital evolution and envelope unbinding process, but this conjecture has heretofore remained largely untested. We present global 3D hydrodynamical simulations of CE evolution (CEE) that include a jet subgrid model and compare them with an otherwise identical model without a jet. Our binary consists of a $2M_{\odot }$ red giant branch primary and a $1M_{\odot }$ or $0.5M_{\odot }$ main sequence or white dwarf secondary companion modeled as a point particle. We run the simulations for 10 orbits (40 days). Our jet model adds mass at a constant rate ${\dot{M}}_{\mathrm{j}}$ of order the Eddington rate, with maximum velocity $v_{\mathrm{j}}$ of order the escape speed, to two spherical sectors with the jet axis perpendicular to the orbital plane, and supplies kinetic energy at the rate $\sim {\dot{M}}_{\mathrm{j}}{v}_{\mathrm{j}}^2/40$. We explore the influence of the jet on orbital evolution, envelope morphology and envelope unbinding, and assess the dependence of the results on jet mass-loss rate, launch speed, companion mass, opening angle, and whether or not subgrid accretion is turned on. In line with our theoretical estimates, we find that in all cases the jet becomes choked around the time of first periastron passage. We also find that jets lead to increases in unbound mass of up to $\sim 10\%$, as compared to simulations which do not include a jet.

16 pages, 8 figures

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• On the nature of jets from a main sequence companion at the onset of common envelope evolution
• The depletion of the red supergiant envelope radiative zone during common envelope evolution