Gaia EDR3 distances of the young stellar clusters in the extended Carina Nebula complex

Abstract

Context: The Carina Nebula complex (CNC) is one of the most massive and active star-forming regions in our Galaxy and it contains several large young star clusters. The distances of the individual clusters and their physical connection were poorly known up to now, with strongly discrepant results reported in the literature. Aims: We want to determine reliable distances of the young stellar clusters in the central Carina Nebula region (in particular, Tr 14, 15, and 16) and the prominent clusters NGC 3324 and NGC 3293 in the northwestern periphery of the CNC. Methods: We analyzed the parallaxes in Gaia EDR3 for a comprehensive sample of 237 spectroscopically identified OB stars, as well as for 9562 X-ray-selected young stars throughout the complex. We also performed an astrometric analysis to identify members of the young cluster vdBH 99, which is located in the foreground of the northwestern part of the Carina Nebula. Results: We find that the distances of the investigated clusters in the CNC are equal within <= 2%, and yield very consistent most likely mean distance values of 2.36(+0.05 -0.05) kpc for the OB star sample and 2.34(+0.05 -0.06) kpc for the sample of X-ray-selected young stars. Conclusions: Our results show that the clusters in the CNC constitute a coherent star-forming region, in particular with regard to NGC 3324 and NGC 3293 at the northwestern periphery, which are (within <= 2%) at the same distance as the central Carina Nebula. For the foreground cluster vdBH 99, we find a mean distance of 441(+2 -2) pc and an age of ~ 60 Myr. We quantified the contamination of X-ray-selected samples of Carina Nebula stars based on members of this foreground cluster.

Accepted for publication in Astronomy & Astrophysics

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• Deep diving off the `Cosmic Cliffs': previously hidden outflows in NGC 3324 revealed by JWST
• The Gaia-ESO survey: A spectroscopic study of the young open cluster NGC 3293
• The population of young low-mass stars in Trumpler 14
• The spectroscopic binary fraction of the young stellar cluster M17
• Towards a consistent model of the hot quadruple system HD 93206 = QZ Carinæ: II. N-body model
• Substellar Initial Mass Function of Trumpler 14
• Spatial distribution and clustering properties of the young stellar populations in the Carina Nebula complex and Car OB1
• Faint galaxies in the Zone of Avoidance revealed by JWST/NIRCam
• Spectral classification of young stars using conditional invertible neural networks II. Application to Trumpler 14 in Carina