Polaritonic Critical Coupling in a Hybrid Quasi-Bound States in the Continuum Cavity-WS${}_2$ Monolayer System

Abstract

We theoretically propose and numerically demonstrate that perfect feeding of a polaritonic system with full electromagnetic energy under one-port beam incidence, referred to as polaritonic critical coupling, can be achieved in a hybrid dielectric metasurface-WS${}_2$ monolayer structure. Polaritonic critical coupling, where the critical coupling and strong coupling are simultaneously attained, is determined by the relative damping rates of the cavity resonance, ${\gamma }_{\mathrm{Q}}$, provided by a symmetry-protected quasi-bound states in the continuum, and excitonic resonance of WS${}_2$ monolayer, ${\gamma }_{\mathrm{X}}$. We reveal that the population of the polariton states can be tuned by the asymmetric parameter of the quasi-bound states in the continuum. Furthermore, polaritonic critical coupling is achieved in the designed system while ${\gamma }_{\mathrm{Q}}={\gamma }_{\mathrm{X}}$ and only strong coupling is achieved while ${\gamma }_{\mathrm{Q}}\ne {\gamma }_{\mathrm{X}}$. This work enriches the study of polaritonic physics with controlled absorbance and may guide the design and application of efficient polariton-based light-emitting or lasing devices.

7 pages, 4 figures

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