Embedding a critical point in a hadron to quark-gluon crossover equation of state

Abstract

Lattice QCD simulations have shown unequivocally that the transition from hadrons to quarks and gluons is a crossover when the baryon chemical potential is zero or small. Many model calculations predict the existence of a critical point at a value of the chemical potential where current lattice simulations are unreliable. We show how to embed a critical point in a smooth background equation of state so as to yield the critical exponents and critical amplitude ratios expected of a transition in the same universality class as the liquid-gas phase transition and the 3D Ising model. The resulting equation of state has parameters which may be inferred by hydrodynamic modeling of heavy ion collisions in the Beam Energy Scan II at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider or in experiments at other accelerators.

4 pages, 4 figures

References in corpus (4)

• The order of the quantum chromodynamics transition predicted by the standard model of particle physics
• The QCD equation of state with dynamical quarks
• Solving the 3d Ising Model with the Conformal Bootstrap II. c-Minimization and Precise Critical Exponents
• Matching Excluded Volume Hadron Resonance Gas Models and Perturbative QCD to Lattice Calculations

Cited by in corpus (4)

• Non-Gaussian fluctuation dynamics in relativistic fluids
• Extending a Scaling Equation of State to QCD
• Bulk medium properties of heavy-ion collisions from the beam energy scan with a multistage hydrodynamic model
• Covariant formulation of spinodal decomposition in rapidly expanding quark gluon plasma