Non-Abelian braiding on photonic chips

Abstract

Non-Abelian braiding has attracted significant attention because of its pivotal role in describing the exchange behaviors of anyons--a candidate for realizing quantum logics. The input and outcome of non-Abelian braiding are connected by a unitary matrix which can also physically emerge as a geometric-phase matrix in classical systems. Hence it is predicted that non-Abelian braiding should have analogues in photonics, but a feasible platform and the experimental realization remain out of reach. Here, we propose and experimentally realize an on-chip photonic system that achieves the non-Abelian braiding of up to five photonic modes. The braiding is realized by controlling the multi-mode geometric-phase matrix in judiciously designed photonic waveguide arrays. The quintessential effect of braiding--sequence-dependent swapping of photon dwell sites is observed in both classical-light and single-photon experiments. Our photonic chips are a versatile and expandable platform for studying non-Abelian physics, and we expect the results to motivate next-gen non-Abelian photonic devices.

arXiv comment6 pages, 4 figures

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• Artificial non-Abelian lattice gauge fields for photons in the synthetic frequency dimension
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• Unsupervised Learning of Topological Non-Abelian Braiding in Non-Hermitian Bands
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