Explaining the characteristics of lateral shower age of cosmic ray extensive air showers

Abstract

A simple analytical argument is proposed for a possible explanation of the characteristics of the lateral shower age ($s$) of proton ($p$)/nuclei-initiated showers. The analytical argument states that lateral density distribution (LDD) of electrons of a $p$-initiated shower is due to superposition of several electromagnetic (EM) sub-showers developed at a very early stage in the atmosphere from the decay of neutral pions (${\pi }^0$s). Thanks to the superposition property of the electron LDD in a $p$ shower, a plausible analytical parametrization has been worked out by giving well represented analytic function for the electron LDDs of $p$- and ${\pi }^0$-initiated showers. Based on cosmic ray extensive air shower simulations, we have validated how the various characteristics of $s$ can be understood in the context of the present analytical argument. The $s$ parameter of a $p$ shower and its correlations with the shower ages of electron- and ${\pi }^0$-initiated showers supports the idea that the result of superposition of several EM sub-showers initiated by ${\pi }^0$s with varied energies at a very early stage might produce the LDD of electrons of a $p$ shower. It is also noticed with the simulated data that the stated feature still persists concerning the notion of the local shower age parameter.

arXiv comment9 pages, 6 figures, revision submitted for publication in a Journal

References in corpus (7)

• Relativistic Hadron-Hadron Collisions in the Ultra-Relativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics Model (UrQMD)
• EPOS LHC : test of collective hadronization with LHC data
• Universality of electron distributions in high-energy air showers - description of Cherenkov light production
• The Concepts of "Age" and "Universality" in Cosmic Ray Showers
• Comparison of measured and simulated lateral distributions for electrons and muons with KASCADE
• Slope of the lateral density function of extensive air showers around the knee region as an indicator of shower age
• A novel approach for deducing the mass composition of cosmic rays from lateral densities of EAS particles

Cited by in corpus (1)

• A new basic air shower observable sensitive to the cosmic-ray elemental mass