Temperature-driven transition from skyrmion to bubble crystals in centrosymmetric itinerant magnets

Abstract

Interplay between itinerant electrons and localized spins in itinerant magnets gives rise to a variety of noncoplanar multiple-$Q$ spin textures, such as the skyrmion, hedgehog, meron, and vortex. We elucidate that another type of multiple-$Q$ state consisting of collinear sinusoidal waves, a magnetic bubble crystal, appears at finite temperatures in a centrosymmetric itinerant electron system. The results are obtained for the classical Kondo lattice model with easy-axis single-ion anisotropy on a triangular lattice by a large-scale numerical simulation. We find that a finite-temperature topological phase transition between the skyrmion crystal and the bubble crystal occurs by changing the temperature. We obtain the minimal key ingredients for inducing the finite-temperature transition by analyzing an effective spin model where it is shown that the synergy between the multiple-spin interaction and magnetic anisotropy plays a significant role.

15 pages, 4 figures. To appear in New Journal of Physics

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• Locking of skyrmion cores on a centrosymmetric discrete lattice: onsite versus offsite
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• Mechanism of antisymmetric spin polarization in centrosymmetric multiple-$Q$ magnets based on bilinear and biquadratic spin cross products
• Multifarious skyrmion phases on a trilayer triangular lattice
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• Equivariant Neural Networks for Spin Dynamics Simulations of Itinerant Magnets
• Skyrmion crystal with integer and fractional skyrmion numbers in a nonsymmorphic lattice structure with the screw axis
• Antiferro skyrmion crystal phases in a synthetic bilayer antiferromagnet under an in-plane magnetic field
• Checkerboard bubble lattice formed by octuple-period quadruple-$Q$ spin density waves
• Magnetic bubble crystal in tetragonal magnets