Simulated catalogs and maps of radio galaxies at millimeter wavelengths in Websky

Abstract

We present simulated millimeter-wavelength maps and catalogs of radio galaxies across the full sky that trace the nonlinear clustering and evolution of dark matter halos from the Websky simulation at $z<4.6$ and $M_{\mathrm{halo}}>10^{12}{M}_{\odot }/h$, and the accompanying framework for generating a new sample of radio galaxies from any halo catalog of positions, redshifts, and masses. Object fluxes are generated using a hybrid approach that combines (1) existing astrophysical halo models of radio galaxies from the literature to determine the positions and rank-ordering of the observed fluxes with (2) empirical models from the literature based on fits to the observed distribution of flux densities and (3) spectral indices drawn from an empirically-calibrated frequency-dependent distribution. The resulting population of radio galaxies is in excellent agreement with the number counts, polarization fractions, and distribution of spectral slopes from the data from observations at millimeter wavelengths from 20-200~GHz, including \emph{Planck}, ALMA, SPT, and ACT. Since the radio galaxies are correlated with the existing cosmic infrared background (CIB), Compton-$y$ (tSZ), and CMB lensing maps from Websky, our model makes new predictions for the cross-correlation power spectra and stacked profiles of radio galaxies and these other components. These simulations will be important for unbiased analysis of a wide variety of observables that are correlated with large-scale structure, such as gravitational lensing and SZ clusters.

For code, catalogs, and maps, see https://github.com/xzackli/WebskyRadioGalaxies

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• Atacama Large Aperture Submillimeter Telescope (AtLAST) Science: Resolving the Hot and Ionized Universe through the Sunyaev-Zeldovich effect
• The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Mitigating the impact of extragalactic foregrounds for the DR6 CMB lensing analysis
• Sensitive 3mm Imaging of Discrete Sources in the Fields of tSZ-Selected Galaxy Clusters
• On the computational feasibility of Bayesian end-to-end analysis of LiteBIRD simulations within Cosmoglobe