Nonresonant two-level transitions: Lessons from quantum thermodynamics
arXiv:2109.11413 · doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.105.012214
Abstract
Based on concepts from quantum thermodynamics the two-level system coupled to a single electromagnetic mode is analyzed. Focusing on the case of detuning, where the mode frequency does not match the transition frequency, effective energies are derived for the levels and the photon energy. It is shown that these should be used for energy exchange with fermionic and bosonic reservoirs in the steady state in order to achieve a thermodynamically consistent description. While recovering known features such as frequency pulling or Bloch gain, this sheds light on their thermodynamic background and allows for a coherent understanding.
arXiv comment10 pages, 1 figure, accepted by Physical Review A
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