Thermodynamic deficiencies of some simple Lindblad operators
arXiv:1606.04326 · doi:10.1002/prop.201600067
Abstract
Master equations of Lindblad type have attained prominent status in the fields of quantum optics and quantum information since they are guaranteed to satisfy fundamental notions of quantum dynamics such as complete positivity. When Lindblad operators are used to describe thermal reservoirs in contact with an open quantum system, the fundamental laws of thermodynamics and the fluctuation-dissipation theorem provide additional mandatory criteria. We show several examples of innocent-looking Lindblad operators which have questionable properties in this regard. Compatibility criteria between Hamiltonian and Lindblad terms as well as consequences of their violation are discussed. An alternative stochastic approach to dissipative quantum dynamics is outlined and illustrated through a harmonic-chain model for which the approach of local Lindblad operators fails.
7 pages, 3 figures, invited contribution to special volume "FQMT'15: Frontiers of Quantum and Mesoscopic Thermodynamics (Prague, Czech Republic, 27 July - 1 August 2015)". v2: minor corrections, one additional reference
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