Quantum criticality using a superconducting quantum processor

Abstract

Quantum criticality emerges from the collective behavior of many interacting quantum particles, often at the transition between different phases of matter. It is one of the cornerstones of condensed matter physics, which we access on noisy intermediate-scale (NISQ) quantum devices by leveraging a dynamically driven phenomenon. We probe the critical properties of the one-dimensional quantum Ising model on a programmable superconducting quantum chip via a Kibble-Zurek process, obtain scaling laws, and estimate critical exponents despite inherent sources of errors on the hardware. In addition, we investigate how the improvement of NISQ computers (more qubits, less noise) will consolidate the computation of those universal physical properties. A one-parameter noise model captures the effect of imperfections and reproduces the experimental data. Its systematic study reveals that the noise, analogously to temperature, induces a new length scale in the system. We introduce and successfully verify modified scaling laws, directly accounting for the noise without any prior knowledge. It makes data analyses for extracting physical properties transparent to noise. By understanding how imperfect quantum hardware modifies the genuine properties of quantum states of matter, we enhance the power of NISQ processors considerably for addressing quantum criticality and potentially other phenomena and algorithms.

7 pages (3 figures) + 13 pages (13 figures)

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Cited by in corpus (14)

• Spectral function of the $J_1-J_2$ Heisenberg model on the triangular lattice
• Finite-size criticality in fully connected spin models on superconducting quantum hardware
• Importance sampling for stochastic quantum simulations
• Competition of long-range interactions and noise at ramped quench dynamical quantum phase transition: The case of the long-range pairing Kitaev chain
• Dynamic Cooling on Contemporary Quantum Computers
• Probing critical states of matter on a digital quantum computer
• Finite-time scaling beyond the Kibble-Zurek prerequisite in Dirac systems
• Dual dynamic scaling in deconfined quantum criticality
• Mimicking quantum correlation of a long-range Hamiltonian by finite-range interactions
• Navigating the noise-depth tradeoff in adiabatic quantum circuits
• Nonequilibrium Critical Dynamics with Emergent Supersymmetry
• Imaginary-time relaxation quantum critical dynamics in two-dimensional dimerized Heisenberg model
• Driven Critical Dynamics in Tricitical Point
• Kibble-Zurek mechanism and errors of gapped quantum phases