FORGE -- the f(R) gravity cosmic emulator project I: Introduction and matter power spectrum emulator

Abstract

We present a large suite of cosmological simulations, the FORGE (F-of-R Gravity Emulator) simulation suite, which is designed to build accurate emulators for cosmological observables in galaxy clustering, weak gravitational lensing and galaxy clusters, for the $f(R)$ gravity model. The total of 200 simulations explore the cosmological parameter space around the Planck(2018) cosmology with a Latin hypercube, for 50 combinations of ${\bar{f}}_{R0}$, ${\Omega }_m$, ${\sigma }_8$ and $h$ with all other parameters fixed. For each parameter combination, or node, we ran four independent simulations, one pair using $1024^3$ particles in $500h^{-1}Mpc$ simulation boxes to cover small scales, and another pair using $512^3$ simulation particles in $1500h^{-1}Mpc$ boxes for larger scales. Each pair of initial conditions are selected such that sample variance on large scales is minimised on average. In this work we present an accurate emulator for the matter power spectrum in $f(R)$ gravity trained on FORGE. We have verified, using the cross-validation technique, that the emulator accuracy is better than $2.5\%$ for the majority of nodes, particularly around the center of the explored parameter space, up to scales of $k=10hMp{c}^{-1}$. We have also checked the power spectrum emulator against simulations which are not part of our training set and found excellent agreement. Due to its high accuracy on small scales, the FORGE matter power spectrum emulator is well suited for weak lensing analysis and can play a key tool in constraining $f(R)$ gravity using current and future observational data.

15 pages, FORGE emulator code publicly available from https://bitbucket.org/arnoldcn/forge_emulator/

References in corpus (15)

• Dynamics of dark energy
• The Confrontation between General Relativity and Experiment
• The EAGLE project: Simulating the evolution and assembly of galaxies and their environments
• A test of the nature of cosmic acceleration using galaxy redshift distortions
• Transients from Initial Conditions in Cosmological Simulations
• Evading Equivalence Principle Violations, Cosmological and other Experimental Constraints in Scalar Field Theories with a Strong Coupling to Matter
• Weighing the Giants IV: Cosmology and Neutrino Mass
• Cosmology and Astrophysics from Relaxed Galaxy Clusters II: Cosmological Constraints
• Cosmological Constraints from Strong Gravitational Lensing in Galaxy Clusters
• Cosmic Calibration
• Cosmic Shear Cosmology Beyond 2-Point Statistics: A Combined Peak Count and Correlation Function Analysis of DES-Y1
• On the road to percent accuracy IV: ReACT -- computing the non-linear power spectrum beyond $\Lambda$CDM
• Realistic simulations of galaxy formation in f(R) modified gravity
• Speeding up $N$-body simulations of modified gravity: Chameleon screening models
• Discrete spectrum Radiation from a charged particle moving in a medium with Maxwell fish eye refraction index profile

Cited by in corpus (27)

• Large-scale dark matter simulations
• Testing Screened Modified Gravity
• Fast and accurate predictions of the nonlinear matter power spectrum for general models of Dark Energy and Modified Gravity
• $\text{Hi-COLA}$: Fast, approximate simulations of structure formation in Horndeski gravity
• CSST Cosmological Emulator I: Matter Power Spectrum Emulation with one percent accuracy to k = 10 h/Mpc
• Enabling matter power spectrum emulation in beyond-$\Lambda$CDM cosmologies with COLA
• The e-MANTIS emulator: fast predictions of the non-linear matter power spectrum in $f(R)$CDM cosmology
• Cosmological Probes of Structure Growth and Tests of Gravity
• Sesame: A power spectrum emulator pipeline for beyond-$\Lambda$CDM models
• Constraining f(R) gravity with cross-correlation of galaxies and cosmic microwave background lensing
• Euclid preparation. Modelling spectroscopic clustering on mildly nonlinear scales in beyond-$\Lambda$CDM models
• Improved analytical modeling of the non-linear power spectrum in modified gravity cosmologies
• Cosmological Tests of Gravity: A Future Perspective
• Revisiting Vainshtein Screening for fast N-body simulations
• FREmu: Power Spectrum Emulator for $f(R)$ Gravity
• A field-level emulator for modified gravity
• Euclid preparation LXXI. Simulations and nonlinearities beyond $\mathsf{\Lambda }$CDM. 3. Constraints on $f(R)$ models from the photometric primary probes
• Testing modified gravity scenarios with direct peculiar velocities
• Cosmological gravity on all scales III: non-linear matter power spectrum in phenomenological modified gravity
• Euclid preparation. Simulations and nonlinearities beyond $\Lambda$CDM. 1. Numerical methods and validation
• MF-Box: Multi-fidelity and multi-scale emulation for the matter power spectrum
• Fast simulation mapping: from standard to modified gravity cosmologies using the bias assignment method
• Euclid: Constraints on f(R) cosmologies from the spectroscopic and photometric primary probes
• Power Spectrum Emulators from Neural Networks and Tree-Based Methods
• Probing gravity with non-linear clustering in redshift space
• Marked statistics across the cosmic web: Environmental dependent clustering in modified gravity simulations
• Cosmological gravity on all scales V: MCMC forecasts combining large scale structure and CMB lensing for binned phenomenological modified gravity