Bounding Quantum Advantages in Postselected Metrology

Abstract

Weak value amplification and other postselection-based metrological protocols can enhance precision while estimating small parameters, outperforming postselection-free protocols. In general, these enhancements are largely constrained because the protocols yielding higher precision are rarely obtained due to a lower probability of successful postselection. It is shown that this precision can further be improved with the help of quantum resources like entanglement and negativity in the quasiprobability distribution. However, these quantum advantages in attaining considerable success probability with large precision are bounded irrespective of any accessible quantum resources. Here we derive a bound of these advantages in postselected metrology, establishing a connection with weak value optimization where the latter can be understood in terms of geometric phase. We introduce a scheme that saturates the bound, yielding anomalously large precision. Usually, negative quasiprobabilities are considered essential in enabling postselection to increase precision beyond standard optimized values. In contrast, we prove that these advantages can indeed be achieved with positive quasiprobability distribution. We also provide an optimal metrological scheme using three level non-degenerate quantum system.

8+5 pages, 6 figures

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• Kirkwood-Dirac classical pure states
• Restoring metrological quantum advantage of measurement precision in noisy scenario
• Optimizing single-photon quantum radar detection through partially postselected filtering
• Exploring weak value arguments and Bargmann invariants in $N$-level quantum systems through the Majorana symmetric representation