General features of the thermalization of particle detectors and the Unruh effect

Abstract

We study the thermalization of smeared particle detectors that couple locally to $any$ operator in a quantum field theory in curved spacetimes. We show that if the field state satisfies the KMS condition with inverse temperature $\beta$ with respect to the detector's local notion of time evolution, reasonable assumptions ensure that the probe thermalizes to the temperature $1/\beta$ in the limit of long interaction times. Our method also imposes bounds on the size of the system with respect to its proper acceleration and spacetime curvature in order to accurately probe the KMS temperature of the field. We then apply this formalism to a uniformly accelerated detector probing the Minkowski vacuum of any CPT symmetric quantum field theory, and show that the detector thermalizes to the Unruh temperature, independently of the operator it couples to. This exemplifies yet again the robustness of the Unruh effect, even when arbitrary smeared detectors are used to probe general operators in a quantum field theory.

revtex4-1, 10 pages + appendices. Version 2: fixed minor typos and added a short discussion regarding experimental implementability

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Cited by in corpus (15)

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• Second-quantized Unruh-DeWitt detectors and their quantum reference frame transformations
• Particle Detectors from Localized Quantum Field Theories
• Anti-particle detector models in QFT
• Ambient temperature versus ambient acceleration in the circular motion Unruh effect
• Unruh phenomena and thermalization for qudit detectors
• Spacetime curvature from ultra rapid measurements of quantum fields
• An angular momentum based graviton detector
• From spacetime thermodynamics to Weyl transverse gravity
• Duality between amplitude and derivative coupled particle detectors in the limit of large energy gaps
• Disjointness of inertial KMS states and the role of Lorentz symmetry in thermalization
• Entanglement harvesting: detector gap and field mass optimization
• Quantum Field Theory in Successive Rindler Spacetimes