Attainability and lower semi-continuity of the relative entropy of entanglement, and variations on the theme

Abstract

The relative entropy of entanglement $E_R$ is defined as the distance of a multi-partite quantum state from the set of separable states as measured by the quantum relative entropy. We show that this optimisation is always achieved, i.e. any state admits a closest separable state, even in infinite dimensions; also, $E_R$ is everywhere lower semi-continuous. We use this to derive a dual variational expression for $E_R$ in terms of an external supremum instead of infimum. These results, which seem to have gone unnoticed so far, hold not only for the relative entropy of entanglement and its multi-partite generalisations, but also for many other similar resource quantifiers, such as the relative entropy of non-Gaussianity, of non-classicality, of Wigner negativity $\unicode{8212}$ more generally, all relative entropy distances from the sets of states with non-negative $\lambda$-quasi-probability distribution. The crucial hypothesis underpinning all these applications is the weak*-closedness of the cone generated by free states, and for this reason the techniques we develop involve a bouquet of classical results from functional analysis. We complement our analysis by giving explicit and asymptotically tight continuity estimates for $E_R$ and closely related quantities in the presence of an energy constraint.

arXiv comment45 pages, no figures. In v2 we added a new main result, Thm 9, which gives a dual variational formula for the relative entropy of resource. We also corrected claim (c) in the previous Thm 4 (now Thm 5), which required a faithfulness hypothesis. Other minor typos have been fixed, and the presentation has been improved. v3 is very close to the published version

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