Minimal Data Fidelity for Detection of Stellar Features or Companions
arXiv:2104.10643 · doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ac3134
Abstract
Technological advances in instrumentation have led to an exponential increase in exoplanet detection and scrutiny of stellar features such as spots and faculae. While the spots and faculae enable us to understand the stellar dynamics, exoplanets provide us with a glimpse into stellar evolution. While the ubiquity of noise (e.g., telluric, instrumental, or photonic) is unavoidable, combining this with increased spectrographic resolution compounds technological challenges. To account for these noise sources and resolution issues, we use a temporal multifractal framework to study data from the SOAP 2.0 tool, which simulates a stellar spectrum in the presence of a spot, a facula or a planet. Given these controlled simulations, we vary the resolution as well as the signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio to obtain a lower limit on the resolution and S/N required to robustly detect features. We show that a spot and a facula with a 1% coverage of the stellar disk can be robustly detected for a S/N (per pixel) of 35 and 60 respectively, for any spectral resolution above 20,000, while a planet with a radial velocity (RV) of 10 m/s can be detected for a S/N (per pixel) of 600. Rather than viewing noise as an impediment, our approach uses noise as a source of information.
11 pages, 5 figures
References in corpus (15)
- Detrending moving average algorithm for multifractals
- SOAP 2.0: A tool to estimate the photometric and radial velocity variations induced by stellar spots and plages
- Search for exoplanets with the radial-velocity technique: quantitative diagnostics of stellar activity
- Impact of occultations of stellar active regions on transmission spectra: Can occultation of a plage mimic the signature of a blue sky?
- Insights on the Spectral Signatures of Stellar Activity and Planets from PCA
- Forecasting the Impact of Stellar Activity on Transiting Exoplanet Spectra
- The Changing Face of Centauri B: Probing plage and stellar activity in K-dwarfs
- Starspots, Stellar Cycles and Stellar Flares: Lessons from Solar Dynamo Models
- A combined spectroscopic and photometric stellar activity study of Epsilon Eridani
- Stellar activity as noise in exoplanet detection I. Methods and application to solar-like stars and activity cycles
- New Suns in the Cosmos III: multifractal signature analysis
- Astrometric effects of solar-like magnetic activity in late-type stars and their relevance for the detection of extrasolar planets
- New Suns in the Cosmos IV: the multifractal nature of stellar magnetic activity in \textit{Kepler} cool stars
- Transiting exoplanets and magnetic spots characterized with optical interferometry
- On the multiscale behaviour of stellar activity and rotation of the planet host Kepler-30