Active Turbulence

Abstract

Active fluids exhibit spontaneous flows with complex spatiotemporal structure, which have been observed in bacterial suspensions, sperm cells, cytoskeletal suspensions, self-propelled colloids, and cell tissues. Despite occurring in the absence of inertia, chaotic active flows are reminiscent of inertial turbulence, and hence they are known as active turbulence. Here, we survey the field, providing a unified perspective over different classes of active turbulence. To this end, we divide our review in sections for systems with either polar or nematic order, and with or without momentum conservation (wet/dry). Comparing to inertial turbulence, we highlight the emergence of power-law scaling with either universal or non-universal exponents. We also contrast scenarios for the transition from steady to chaotic flows, and we discuss the absence of energy cascades. We link this feature to both the existence of intrinsic length scales and the self-organized nature of energy injection in active turbulence, which are fundamental differences with inertial turbulence. We close by outlining the emerging picture, remaining challenges, and future directions.

Review for Annu. Rev. Condens. Matter Phys

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Cited by in corpus (100)

• Topological active matter
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• A review of active matter reviews
• Swimming in Complex Fluids
• Pattern formation by turbulent cascades
• Active matter under control: Insights from response theory
• Intermittency, fluctuations and maximal chaos in an emergent universal state of active turbulence
• Activity-suppressed phase separation
• Design rules for controlling active topological defects
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• Glassy Dynamics in Chiral Fluids
• Spontaneous Self-Constraint in Active Nematic Flows
• Mesoscopic Simulations of Active-Nematics
• Jeffery's orbits and microswimmers in flows: A theoretical review
• Fingering Instability of Active Nematic Droplets
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• Ising-like critical behavior of vortex lattices in an active fluid
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• A unified field theory of topological defects and non-linear local excitations
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• An analytical and computational study of the incompressible Toner-Tu Equations
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• Unified description of viscous, viscoelastic, or elastic thin active films on substrates
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• More is less in unpercolated active solids
• Self-organised structures in mixed active-passive suspensions due to hydrodynamic interactions
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