Theory of Dirac Spin-Orbital Liquids: monopoles, anomalies, and applications to $SU(4)$ honeycomb models

Abstract

Dirac spin liquids represent a class of highly-entangled quantum phases in two dimensional Mott insulators, featuring exotic properties such as critical correlation functions and absence of well-defined low energy quasi-particles. Existing numerical works suggest that the spin-orbital $SU(4)$ symmetric Kugel-Khomskii model of Mott insulators on the honeycomb lattice realizes a Dirac spin-orbital liquid, described at low energy by $(2+1)d$ quantum electrodynamics (QED${}_3$) with $N_f=8$ Dirac fermions. We generalize methods previously developed for $SU(2)$ spin systems to analyze the symmetry properties and stability of the Dirac spin-orbital liquid. We conclude that the standard Dirac state in the $SU(4)$ honeycomb system, based on a simple parton mean-field ansatz, is intrinsically unstable at low energy due to the existence of a monopole perturbation that is allowed by physical symmetries and relevant under renormalization group flow. We propose two plausible alternative scenarios compatible with existing numerics. In the first scenario, we propose an alternative $U(1)$ Dirac spin-orbital liquid, which is similar to the standard one except for its monopole symmetry quantum numbers. This alternative $U(1)$ state represents a stable gapless phase. In the second scenario, we start from the standard $U(1)$ Dirac liquid and Higgs the $U(1)$ gauge symmetry down to ${\mathbb{Z}}_4$. The resulting ${\mathbb{Z}}_4$ Dirac spin-orbital liquid is stable. We also discuss the continuous quantum phase transitions from the ${\mathbb{Z}}_4$ Dirac liquids to conventional symmetry-breaking orders, described by the QED${}_3$ theory with $N_f=8$ supplemented with a critical charge-$4$ Higgs field. We discuss possible ways to distinguish these scenarios in numerics. We also extend previous calculations of the quantum anomalies of QED${}_3$ and match with generalized lattice Lieb-Schultz-Mattis constraints.

27 pages + Appendices, 5 figures

References in corpus (9)

• On the stability of U(1) spin liquids in two dimensions
• Properties of an algebraic spin liquid on the kagome lattice
• Algebraic spin liquid as the mother of many competing orders
• Theory of resonant multiphonon Raman scattering in graphene
• Spin-orbital quantum liquid on the honeycomb lattice
• Symmetric-Gapped Surface States of Fractional Topological Insulators
• Gapless spin liquid and valence-bond solid in the $J_1-J_2$ Heisenberg model on the square lattice: insights from singlet and triplet excitations
• Topological Paramagnetism in Frustrated Spin-One Mott Insulators
• Monopole Quantum Numbers in the Staggered Flux Spin Liquid