Sommerfeld-enhanced dark matter searches with dwarf spheroidal galaxies

Abstract

We study observable signals from dark matter that self-annihilates via the Sommerfeld effect in dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSphs). Since the effect of the Sommerfeld enhancement depends on the velocity of dark matter, it is crucial to determine the profile of dSphs to compute the J-factor, i.e., the line-of-sight integral of density squared. In our study we use the prior distributions of the parameters for satellite density profiles in order to determine the J-factor, making most out of the recent developments in the N-body simulations and semi-analytical modeling for the structure formation. As concrete models, we analyze fermionic dark matter that annihilates via a light scalar and Wino dark matter in supersymmetric models. We find that, with the more realistic prior distributions that we adopt in this study, the J-factor of the most promising dSphs is decreased by a factor of a few, compared with earlier estimates based on non-informative priors. Nevertheless, the Cherenkov Telescope Array should be able to detect the thermal Wino dark matter by pointing it toward best classical or ultrafaint dSphs for 500 hours.

28 pages, 10 figures, published version

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• Cosmological prior for the $J$-factor estimation of dwarf spheroidal galaxies
• Analytical insight into dark matter subhalo boost factors for Sommerfeld-enhanced $s$- and $p$-wave $\gamma$-ray signals
• Searching for dark matter annihilating into light long-lived mediators from stars inside dwarf spheroidal galaxies
• Thermal Real Scalar Triplet Dark Matter