101 Trojans: a tale of period bimodality, binaries, and extremely slow rotators from K2 photometry

Abstract

Various properties of Jovian trojan asteroids such as composition, rotation periods, and photometric amplitudes, or the rate of binarity in the population can provide information and constraints on the evolution of the group and of the Solar System itself. Here we present new photometric properties of 45 Jovian trojans from the K2 mission of the Kepler space telescope, and present phase-folded light curves for 44 targets, including (11351) Leucus, one of the targets of the Lucy mission. We extend our sample to 101 asteroids with previous K2 Trojan measurements, then compare their combined amplitude- and frequency distributions to other ground-based and space data. We show that there is a dichotomy in the periods of Trojans with a separation at $\sim 100$ hr. We find that 25% of the sample are slow rotators (P$\ge$30 hr), which excess can be attributed to binary objects. We also show that 32 systems can be classified as potential detached binary systems. Finally, we calculate density and rotation constraints for the asteroids. Both the spin barrier and fits to strengthless ellipsoid models indicate low densities and thus compositions similar to cometary and TNO populations throughout the sample. This supports the scenario of outer Solar System origin for Jovian trojans.

arXiv comment25 pages, 19 figures, accepted for publication in ApJS

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• Educated towards research: the first five years of the undergraduate mentoring program at Konkoly Observatory