Searching for eV-mass Axion-like Particles with Cross Correlations between Line Intensity and Weak Lensing Maps

Abstract

We study cross correlations between line intensity and weak lensing maps to search for axion-like particles (ALPs). Radiative decay of eV-mass ALPs can contribute to cosmic background emissions at optical and infrared wavelengths. Line intensity mapping is a unique means of measuring the background emission at a given photon frequency. If ALPs constitute the abundance of cosmic dark matter, line intensity maps can correlate with large-scale structures probed by weak gravitational lensing effects in galaxy imaging surveys. We develop a theoretical framework to predict the cross correlation. We then explore potentiality of probing ALPs with the cross correlation in upcoming galaxy-imaging and spectral surveys. Assuming SPHEREx and the Vera Rubin Observatory's Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST), we find that the cross correlation by the ALP decay can be greater than the astrophysical-line counterparts at wavelength of $\sim 3000\mathrm{nm}$ for ALPs with a particle mass of $m_a\sim 1\mathrm{eV}$ and a particle-to-two-photons coupling of $g_{a\gamma \gamma }\sim 1\times 10^{-11}{\mathrm{GeV}}^{-1}$. We also predict that a null detection of the cross correlation can place a $2\sigma$-level upper bound of $g_{aγγ} \lower.5ex\hbox{$\; \buildrel < \over \sim \;$} 10^{-11}\, \mathrm{GeV}^{-1}$ for eV-mass ALPs, improving the current constraint by a factor of $\sim 10$. We then make a forecast of expected constraints on ALP parameters in SPHEREx and LSST by Fisher analysis, providing a guideline of searching for the ALP decay with the large-scale structure data.

arXiv comment18 pages, 9 figures, 2 tables. Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. D

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• The cosmic optical background excess, dark matter, and line-intensity mapping
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