High-order harmonic generation in solid ${\mathbf{C}}_{60}$

Abstract

High harmonic generation (HHG) has unleashed the power of strong laser physics in solids. Here we investigate HHG from a large system, solid C${}_{60}$, with 240 valence electrons engaging harmonic generation at each crystal momentum, the first of this kind. We employ the density functional theory and the time-dependent Liouville equation of the density matrix to compute HHG signals. We find that under a moderately strong laser pulse, HHG signals reach 15th order, consistent with the experimental results from C${}_{60}$ plasma. The helicity dependence in solid C${}_{60}$ is weak, due to the high symmetry. In contrast to the general belief, HHG is unsuitable for band structure mapping in C${}_{60}$. However, we find a window of opportunity using a long wavelength, where harmonics are generated through multiple-photon excitation. In particular, the 5th order harmonic energies closely follow the transition energy dispersion between the valence and conduction bands. This finding is expected to motivate future experimental investigations.

7 pages, 4 figures, one table

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