Experimental Validation of Fully Quantum Fluctuation Theorems Using Dynamic Bayesian Networks

Abstract

Fluctuation theorems are fundamental extensions of the second law of thermodynamics for small systems. Their general validity arbitrarily far from equilibrium makes them invaluable in nonequilibrium physics. So far, experimental studies of quantum fluctuation relations do not account for quantum correlations and quantum coherence, two essential quantum properties. We here experimentally verify detailed and integral fully quantum fluctuation theorems for heat exchange using two quantum-correlated thermal spins-1/2 in a nuclear magnetic resonance setup. We confirm, in particular, individual integral fluctuation relations for quantum correlations and quantum coherence, as well as for the sum of all quantum contributions. These refined formulations of the second law are important for the investigation of fully quantum features in nonequilibrium thermodynamics.

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• Quasiprobabilities in quantum thermodynamics and many-body systems
• Work statistics, quantum signatures and enhanced work extraction in quadratic fermionic models
• Non-Abelian transport distinguishes three usually equivalent notions of entropy production
• Exploring quantum thermodynamics with NMR
• Experimental signature of initial quantum coherence on entropy production
• Nonequilibrium thermodynamics of quantum coherence beyond linear response
• Dynamics of a strongly coupled quantum heat engine -- computing bath observables from the hierarchy of pure states
• A quantum fluctuation theorem for any Lindblad master equation
• Extraction of autonomous quantum coherences
• Demonstrating Quantum Microscopic Reversibility Using Coherent States of Light
• Diagnostics of quantum-gate coherences via end-point-measurement statistics
• Quasiprobability fluctuation theorem behind the spread of quantum information
• Two-point measurement energy statistics from particle scattering
• Algebraic approach to a two-qubit quantum thermal machine
• A constraint on local definitions of quantum internal energy
• Fluctuation theorems with optical tweezers: theory and practice
• Energy additivity as a requirement for universal quantum thermodynamical frameworks
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• Energy exchange statistics and fluctuation theorem for non-thermal asymptotic states
• Orthogonalization speed-up from quantum coherence after a sudden quench
• Implementation of a two-stroke quantum heat engine with a collisional model