Nonequilibrium kinetic freeze-out properties in relativistic heavy ion collisions from energies employed at the RHIC beam energy scan to those available at the LHC

Abstract

In this paper, we investigate the kinetic freeze-out properties in relativistic heavy ion collisions at different collision energies. We present a study of standard Boltzmann-Gibbs Blast-Wave (BGBW) fits and Tsallis Blast-Wave (TBW) fits performed on the transverse momentum spectra of identified hadrons produced in Au + Au collisions at collision energies of $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=$ 7.7 - 200 GeV at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC), and in Pb + Pb collisions at collision energies of $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=$ 2.76 and 5.02 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). The behavior of strange and multi-strange particles is also investigated. We found that the TBW model describes data better than the BGBW one overall, and the contrast is more prominent as the collision energy increases as the degree of non-equilibrium of the produced system is found to increase. From TBW fits, the kinetic freeze-out temperature at the same centrality shows a weak dependence of collision energy between 7.7 and 39 GeV, while it decreases as collision energy continues to increase up to 5.02 TeV. The radial flow is found to be consistent with zero in peripheral collisions at RHIC energies but sizable at LHC energies and central collisions at all RHIC energies. We also observed that the strange hadrons, with higher temperature and similar radial flow, approach equilibrium more quickly from peripheral to central collisions than light hadrons. The dependence of temperature and flow velocity on non-equilibrium parameter ($q-1$) is characterized by two second-order polynomials. Both $a$ and $d\xi$ from the polynomials fit, related to the influence of the system bulk viscosity, increase toward lower RHIC energies.

References in corpus (53)

• Experimental and Theoretical Challenges in the Search for the Quark Gluon Plasma: The STAR Collaboration's Critical Assessment of the Evidence from RHIC Collisions
• Thermal phenomenology of hadrons from 200 AGeV S+S collisions
• Systematic Measurements of Identified Particle Spectra in pp, d+Au and Au+Au Collisions from STAR
• Interpretation of the nonextensitivity parameter $q$ in some applications of Tsallis statistics and Lévy distributions
• Centrality dependence of $\pi$, K, p production in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 2.76 TeV
• Bulk Properties of the Medium Produced in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions from the Beam Energy Scan Program
• Identified particle distributions in pp and Au+Au collisions at sqrt{s_NN}=200 GeV
• Centrality dependence of charged particle production at large transverse momentum in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=2.76$ TeV
• Universal properties of bulk viscosity near the QCD phase transition
• K${}_{\mathrm{S}}^0$ and $\mathrm{\Lambda }$ production in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 2.76 TeV
• Identified baryon and meson distributions at large transverse momenta from Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{{}_{NN}}}=200$ GeV
• Observable implications of geometrical and dynamical aspects of freeze-out in heavy ion collisions
• Multi-strange baryon production at mid-rapidity in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 2.76 TeV
• Identified particle production, azimuthal anisotropy, and interferometry measurements in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 9.2 GeV
• Production of charged pions, kaons and (anti-)protons in Pb-Pb and inelastic pp collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 5.02 TeV
• Spectra and radial flow at RHIC with Tsallis statistics in a Blast-Wave description
• Pion, kaon, and proton production in central Pb-Pb Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=2.76$ TeV
• Partonic flow and $\varphi$-meson production in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 200 GeV
• Description of the RHIC p_T-spectra in a thermal model with expansion
• Evidence of early multi-strange hadron freeze-out in high energy nuclear collisions
• Bulk viscosity of QCD matter near the critical temperature
• K(892)* Resonance Production in Au+Au and p+p Collisions at sqrt(sNN) = 200 GeV at RHIC
• Power laws in elementary and heavy-ion collisions - A story of fluctuations and nonextensivity?
• Energy dependence of charged pion, proton and anti-proton transverse momentum spectra for Au+Au collisions at \sqrt{s_NN} = 62.4 and 200 GeV
• Multi-Strange Baryon Production in Au-Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN) = 130 GeV
• Spectra and ratios of identified particles in Au+Au and d+Au collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=200 GeV
• Measurements of $\varphi$ meson production in relativistic heavy-ion collisions at RHIC
• From QCD-based hard-scattering to nonextensive statistical mechanical descriptions of transverse momentum spectra in high-energy $pp$ and $p\bar{p}$ collisions
• Strange baryon resonance production in $\sqrt{s_{NN}}=200$ GeV $p+p$ and $Au+Au$ collisions
• Strange hadron production in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{{}_{\mathrm{NN}}}}$ = 7.7, 11.5, 19.6, 27, and 39 GeV
• Exploring the QCD Phase Structure with Beam Energy Scan in Heavy-ion Collisions
• Strange and Multi-strange Particle Production in Au+Au Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}$ = 62.4 GeV
• Non-extensive statistics, fluctuations and correlations in high energy nuclear collisions
• Examine the species and beam-energy dependence of particle spectra using Tsallis Statistics
• Nonextensive hydrodynamics for relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Radial Flow in Non-Extensive Thermodynamics and Study of Particle Spectra at LHC in the Limit of Small $(q-1)$
• K*0 production in Cu+Cu and Au+Au collisions at \sqrt{s_NN} = 62.4 GeV and 200 GeV
• Multiplicity fluctuations due to the temperature fluctuations in high-energy nuclear collisions
• Hydrodynamical assessment of 200 AGeV collisions
• Generalised Tsallis Statistics in Electron-Positron Collisions
• An overview of the experimental study of quark-gluon matter in high-energy nucleus-nucleus collisions
• Statistical Origin of Constituent-Quark Scaling in the QGP hadronization
• Kinetic freeze-out temperatures in central and peripheral collisions: Which one is larger?
• Evolution of pi^0 suppression in Au+Au collisions from sqrt(s_NN) = 39 to 200 GeV
• Suppression of $\Lambda (1520)$ resonance production in central Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 2.76 TeV
• Extracting kinetic freeze-out temperature and radial flow velocity from an improved Tsallis distribution
• Bulk Properties of the System Formed in Au+Au Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}$ = 14.5 GeV
• Kinetic freeze-out temperature from yields of short-lived resonances
• Temperature and fluid velocity on the freeze-out surface from $\pi$, $K$, $p$ spectra in pp, p--Pb and Pb--Pb collisions
• Identified particle production and freeze-out properties in heavy-ion collisions at RHIC Beam Energy Scan program
• Almost exponential transverse spectra from power law spectra
• System size dependence of the log-periodic oscillations of transverse momentum spectra
• Production of Kaon and $\Lambda$ in nucleus-nucleus collisions at ultra-relativistic energy from a blast wave model

Cited by in corpus (15)

• Collective expansion in pp collisions using the Tsallis statistics
• Specific heat and its high-order moments in relativistic heavy-ion collisions from a multiphase transport model
• The universal scaling of kinetic freeze-out parameters across different collision systems at the LHC energy
• Exploring Anisotropic flow via the Boltzmann Transport Equation Employing the Tsallis Blast Wave Description at LHC energies
• Hadron transverse momentum distributions in the Tsallis statistics with escort probabilities
• Thermal freeze-out parameters and pseudo-entropy from charged hadron spectra in high energy collisions
• Non-extensive (3+1)-dimensional hydrodynamics for relativistic heavy-ion collisions
• Analyzing the Correlation Between Thermal and Kinematic Parameters in Various Multiplicity Classes within 7 and 13 TeV pp Collisions
• Scale dependence of the q and T parameters of the Tsallis distribution in the process of jet fragmentation
• The Spectrum of Low-$p_T$ $J/\psi$ in Heavy-Ion Collisions in a Statistical Two-Body Fractal Model
• Random statistical analysis of transverse momentum spectra of strange particles and dependence of related parameters on centrality in high energy collisions at the LHC
• Thermodynamic and hydrodynamic characteristics of interacting system formed in relativistic heavy ion collisions
• Cumulants of net-strangeness multiplicity distributions at energies available at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider
• Study on relativistic transformations for thermodynamic quantities: Boltzmann-Gibbs and Tsallis blast-wave models
• Observation of different scenarios in different temperatures in small and large collision systems