Impact cratering in sand: Comparing solid and liquid intruders
arXiv:2011.03752 · doi:10.1039/D0SM01579B
Abstract
How does the impact of a deformable droplet on a granular bed differ from that caused by a solid impactor of similar size and density? Here, we experimentally study this question and focus on the effect of intruder deformability on the crater shape. For comparable impact energies, we show that the crater diameter is larger for droplets than for solid intruders but that the impact of the latter results in deeper craters. Interestingly, for initially dense beds of packing fractions larger than 0.58, we find that the resultant excavated crater volume is independent of the intruder deformability, suggesting an impactor-independent dissipation mechanism within the sand for these dense beds.
References in corpus (12)
- Granular impact and the critical packing state
- Force and flow transition in plowed granular media
- Robophysical study of jumping dynamics on granular media
- Granular impact cratering by liquid drops: Understanding raindrop imprints through an analogy to asteroid strikes
- Morphology Scaling of Drop Impact onto a Granular Layer
- Phase transition in a static granular system
- Impact of a Liquid Drop on a Granular Medium: inertia, viscosity and surface tension effects on the drop deformation
- Raindrop impact on sand: a dynamic explanation of crater morphologies
- Length and time scales of a liquid drop impact and penetration into a granular layer
- Liquid-grain mixing suppresses droplet spreading and splashing during impact
- Shearing of frictional sphere packings
- Crater formation during raindrop impact on sand