Experimental tests of density matrix's properties-based complementarity relations

Abstract

Bohr's complementarity principle is of fundamental historic and conceptual importance for Quantum Mechanics (QM), and states that, with a given experimental apparatus configuration, one can observe either the wave-like or the particle-like character of a quantum system, but not both. However, it was eventually realized that these dual behaviors can both manifest partially in the same experimental setup, and, using ad hoc proposed measures for the wave and particle aspects of the quanton, complementarity relations were proposed limiting how strong these manifestations can be. Recently, a formalism was developed and quantifiers for the particleness and waveness of a quantum system were derived from the mathematical structure of QM entailed in the density matrix's basic properties ($\rho \ge 0$, $\mathrm{Tr}\rho =1$). In this article, using IBM Quantum Experience quantum computers, we perform experimental tests of these complementarity relations applied to a particular class of one-qubit quantum states and also for random quantum states of one, two, and three qubits.

arXiv comment8 pages, 5 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2009.09769

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• Entanglement Monotones from Complementarity Relations
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• Predictability as a quantum resource
• Fringe visibility and correlation in Mach-Zehnder interferometer with an asymmetric beam splitter
• Complementarity relations of a delayed-choice quantum eraser in a quantum circuit
• Demonstration of Scully-Drühl-type quantum erasers on quantum computers