Production and characterization of a fragmented spinor Bose-Einstein condensate

Abstract

Understanding the ground state of many-body fluids is a central question of statistical physics. Usually for weakly interacting Bose gases, most particles occupy the same state, corresponding to a Bose--Einstein condensate. However, another scenario may occur with the emergence of several, macroscopically populated single-particle states. The observation of such fragmented states remained elusive so far, due to their fragility to external perturbations. Here we produce a 3-fragment condensate for a spin 1 gas of $\sim 100$ atoms, with anti-ferromagnetic interactions and vanishing collective spin. Using a spin-resolved detection approaching single-atom resolution, we show that the reconstructed many-body state is quasi-pure, while one-body observables correspond to a mixed state. Our results highlight the interplay between symmetry and interaction to develop entanglement in a quantum system.

Supplementary material available as ancillary file

References in corpus (8)

• Fisher Information and entanglement of non-Gaussian spin states
• Fragmentation of Bose-Einstein Condensates
• Deterministic entanglement generation from driving through quantum phase transitions
• Probing spin correlations in a Bose-Einstein condensate near the single atom level
• Production and characterization of a fragmented spinor Bose-Einstein condensate
• Antiferromagnetic spinor condensates in a two-dimensional optical lattice
• Antiferromagnetic Spinor Condensates are Quantum Rotors
• From many-body oscillations to thermalization in an isolated spinor gas

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