Real-time simulation of (2+1)-dimensional lattice gauge theory on qubits

Abstract

We study the quantum simulation of Z2 lattice gauge theory in 2+1 dimensions. The dual variable formulation, the so-called Wegner duality, is utilized for reducing redundant gauge degrees of freedom. The problem of artificial charge unconservation is resolved for any charge distribution. As a demonstration, we simulate the real-time evolution of the system with two static electric charges, i.e., with two temporal Wilson lines. Some results obtained by the simulator (with no hardware noise) and the real device (with sizable hardware noise) of a quantum computer are shown.

References in corpus (17)

• Observation of gauge invariance in a 71-site Bose-Hubbard quantum simulator
• SU(2) non-Abelian gauge field theory in one dimension on digital quantum computers
• Optical Abelian Lattice Gauge Theories
• Digital lattice gauge theories
• Quantum Algorithms for Simulating the Lattice Schwinger Model
• Gluon Field Digitization for Quantum Computers
• Real Time Dynamics and Confinement in the ${\mathbb{Z}}_n$ Schwinger-Weyl lattice model for 1+1 QED
• Two-dimensional Lattice Gauge Theories with Superconducting Quantum Circuits
• Digital quantum simulation of ${\mathbb{Z}}_2$ lattice gauge theories with dynamical fermionic matter
• Solving Gauss's Law on Digital Quantum Computers with Loop-String-Hadron Digitization
• Oracles for Gauss's law on digital quantum computers
• Real-time chiral dynamics from a digital quantum simulation
• Gluon Field Digitization via Group Space Decimation for Quantum Computers
• A gauge redundancy-free formulation of compact QED with dynamical matter for quantum and classical computations
• Suppressing Coherent Gauge Drift in Quantum Simulations
• Robustness of gauge-invariant dynamics against defects in ultracold-atom gauge theories
• Classically Emulated Digital Quantum Simulation of the Schwinger Model with Topological Term via Adiabatic State Preparation

Cited by in corpus (20)

• Primitive Quantum Gates for an SU(2) Discrete Subgroup: BT
• Quantum algorithms for transport coefficients in gauge theories
• Primitive Quantum Gates for Dihedral Gauge Theories
• Improved Hamiltonians for Quantum Simulations
• Toward Quantum Simulations of ${\mathbb{Z}}_2$ Gauge Theory Without State Preparation
• Prospects for Simulating a Qudit Based Model of (1+1)d Scalar QED
• Lattice Renormalization of Quantum Simulations
• Scalable cold-atom quantum simulator for two-dimensional QED
• Primitive Quantum Gates for an SU(3) Discrete Subgroup: $\Sigma (36\times 3)$
• Dynamical quantum phase transitions in a noisy lattice gauge theory
• Gluon Digitization via Character Expansion for Quantum Computers
• Measurement-based infused circuits for variational quantum eigensolvers
• Quantum mean estimation for lattice field theory
• Quantum simulation of lattice gauge theories via deterministic duality transformations assisted by measurements
• Toward nuclear physics from lattice QCD on quantum computers
• Quantum sampling for the Euclidean path integral of lattice gauge theory
• Sequency Hierarchy Truncation (SeqHT) for Adiabatic State Preparation and Time Evolution in Quantum Simulations
• Quantum circuit for ${\mathbb{Z}}_3$ lattice gauge theory at nonzero baryon density
• Lattice Lindblad simulation
• Large scale multi-node simulations of ${\mathbb{Z}}_2$ gauge theory quantum circuits using Google Cloud Platform