paper

Genuine multipartite entanglement is not a precondition for secure conference key agreement

arXiv:2007.11553 · doi:10.1103/PhysRevResearch.3.013264

Abstract

Entanglement plays a crucial role in the security of quantum key distribution. A secret key can only be obtained by two parties if there exists a corresponding entanglement-based description of the protocol in which entanglement is witnessed, as shown by Curty et al (2004). Here we investigate the role of entanglement for the generalization of quantum key distribution to the multipartite scenario, namely conference key agreement. In particular, we ask whether the strongest form of multipartite entanglement, namely genuine multipartite entanglement, is necessary to establish a conference key. We show that, surprisingly, a non-zero conference key can be obtained even if the parties share biseparable states in each round of the protocol. Moreover we relate conference key agreement with entanglement witnesses and show that a non-zero conference key can be interpreted as a non-linear entanglement witness that detects a class of states which cannot be detected by usual linear entanglement witnesses.

arXiv comment5 + 5 pages, 4 figures. v02: Strengthened results, including performance of the family of biseparable states under consideration for the N-BB84 protocol. Section III of supplemental material of v01 removed, as it contained an example state mistakenly claimed to be biseparable

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