Stellar Tidal Disruption Events with Abundances and Realistic Structures (STARS): Library of Fallback Rates

Abstract

We present the STARS library, a grid of tidal disruption event (TDE) simulations interpolated to provide the mass fallback rate ($dM/dt$) to the black hole for a main-sequence star of any stellar mass, stellar age, and impact parameter. We use a one-dimensional stellar evolution code to construct stars with accurate stellar structures and chemical abundances, then perform tidal disruption simulations in a three-dimensional adaptive-mesh hydrodynamics code with a Helmholtz equation of state, in unprecedented resolution: from 131 to 524 cells across the diameter of the star. The interpolated library of fallback rates is available on GitHub (https://github.com/jamielaw-smith/STARS_library) and version 1.0.0 is archived on Zenodo; one can query the library for any stellar mass, stellar age, and impact parameter. We provide new fitting formulae for important disruption quantities (${\beta }_{\mathrm{crit}},\Delta M,{\dot{M}}_{\mathrm{peak}},t_{\mathrm{peak}},n_{\infty }$) as a function of stellar mass, stellar age, and impact parameter. Each of these quantities vary significantly with stellar mass and stellar age, but we are able to reduce all of our simulations to a single relationship that depends only on stellar structure, characterized by a single parameter ${\rho }_c/\bar{\rho }$, and impact parameter $\beta$. We also find that, in general, more centrally concentrated stars have steeper $dM/dt$ rise slopes and shallower decay slopes. For the same $\Delta M$, the $dM/dt$ shape varies significantly with stellar mass, promising the potential determination of stellar properties from the TDE light curve alone. The $dM/dt$ shape depends strongly on stellar structure and to a certain extent stellar mass, meaning that fitting TDEs using this library offers a better opportunity to determine the nature of the disrupted star and the black hole.

35 pages, 23 figures. Published in ApJ. v2: added Figure 23, references added, minor edits to text; v3: matches published version. Interpolated library of fallback rates is available at https://github.com/jamielaw-smith/STARS_library

References in corpus (20)

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• A Continuum of H- to He-Rich Tidal Disruption Candidates With a Preference for E+A Galaxies
• Stellar disruption by a supermassive black hole: is the light curve really proportional to $t^{-5/3}$?
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• The structure of the nuclear stellar cluster of the Milky Way
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• Accretion Disk Assembly During Common Envelope Evolution: Implications for Feedback and LIGO Binary Black Hole Formation
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• Simulations of Magnetic Fields in Tidally-Disrupted Stars
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Cited by in corpus (40)

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• Live to die another day: the rebrightening of AT2018fyk as a repeating partial tidal disruption event
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• Discovery of a Fast Iron Low-ionization Outflow in the Early Evolution of the Nearby Tidal Disruption Event AT2019qiz
• An Energy Inventory of Tidal Disruption Events
• A simple and accurate prescription for the tidal disruption radius of a star and the peak accretion rate in tidal disruption events
• Tidal disruption events from eccentric orbits and lessons learned from the noteworthy ASASSN-14ko
• Light Curves of Partial Tidal Disruption Events
• Partial Tidal Disruption of Main-Sequence Stars by Intermediate-Mass Black Holes
• Partial stellar tidal disruption events and their rates
• Alive but Barely Kicking: News from 3+ years of Swift and XMM-Newton X-ray Monitoring of Quasi-Periodic Eruptions from eRO-QPE1
• Revisit the rate of tidal disruption events: the role of the partial tidal disruption event
• A Library of Synthetic X-ray Spectra for Fitting Tidal Disruption Events
• Revisiting the Rates and Demographics of Tidal Disruption Events: Effects of the Disk Formation Efficiency
• A Bright First Day for Tidal Disruption Event
• The fast transient AT 2023clx in the nearby LINER galaxy NGC 3799 as a tidal disruption of a very low-mass star
• The mass fallback rate of the debris in relativistic stellar tidal disruption events
• Repeating Partial Tidal Encounters of Sun-like Stars Leading to their Complete Disruption
• Discovery and Follow-up of ASASSN-23bd (AT 2023clx): The Lowest Redshift and Least Luminous Tidal Disruption Event To Date
• Stars Crushed by Black Holes. II. A Physical Model of Adiabatic Compression and Shock Formation in Tidal Disruption Events
• Observing white dwarf tidal stripping with TianQin gravitational wave observatory
• Simulating the tidal disruption of stars by stellar-mass black holes using moving-mesh hydrodynamics
• Detecting Population III Stars through Tidal Disruption Events in the Era of JWST and Roman
• Rethinking Thorne-Żytkow Object Formation: The Fate of X-ray Binary LMC X-4 and Implications for Ultra-long Gamma-ray Bursts
• Modeling continuum polarization levels of tidal disruption events based on the collision-induced outflow mode
• Dynamics of the clumps partially disrupted from a planet around a neutron star
• The Primary Flare Following a Stellar Collision in a Galactic Nucleus
• Tidal disruption rate suppression by the event horizon of spinning black holes
• Radiation-magnetohydrodynamic Simulations of Accretion Flow Formation After a Tidal Disruption Event
• The luminosity function of TDEs from fallback-powered emission: implications for the black hole mass function
• Partial disruption of a planet around a white dwarf: the effect of perturbation from the remnant planet on the accretion
• Review: Accretion Disk Evolution in Tidal Disruption Events
• Stars Crushed by Black Holes. III. Mild Compression of Radiative Stars by Supermassive Black Holes
• MUSE IFU observations of galaxies hosting Tidal Disruption Events
• Revisiting the unification of tidal disruption events with polarimetry
• Partial, zombie, and full tidal disruption of stars by supermassive black holes
• Tidal disruption events with SPH-EXA: resolving the return of the stream
• Dynamical Unification of Tidal Disruption Events
• Black Hole Survival Guide: Searching for Stars in the Galactic Center That Endure Partial Tidal Disruption