Non-exponential tunneling due to mean-field induced swallowtails
arXiv:2007.10925 · doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.125.213401
Abstract
Typically, energy levels change without bifurcating in response to a change of a control parameter. Bifurcations can lead to loops or swallowtails in the energy spectrum. The simplest quantum Hamiltonian that supports swallowtails is a non-linear Hamiltonian with non-zero off-diagonal elements and diagonal elements that depend on the population difference of the two states. This work implements such a Hamiltonian experimentally using ultracold atoms in a moving one-dimensional optical lattice. Self-trapping and non-exponential tunneling probabilities, a hallmark signature of band structures that support swallowtails, are observed. The good agreement between theory and experiment validates the optical lattice system as a powerful platform to study, e.g., Josephson junction physics and superfluidity in ring-shaped geometries.
arXiv comment4 figures and 5 pages for the main text; 4 figures and 6 pages for the supplemental material
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