Dulmage-Mendelsohn percolation: Geometry of maximally-packed dimer models and topologically-protected zero modes on site-diluted bipartite lattices

Abstract

The classic combinatorial construct of {\em maximum matchings} probes the random geometry of regions with local sublattice imbalance in a site-diluted bipartite lattice. We demonstrate that these regions, which host the monomers of any maximum matching of the lattice, control the localization properties of a zero-energy quantum particle hopping on this lattice. The structure theory of Dulmage and Mendelsohn provides us a way of identifying a complete and non-overlapping set of such regions. This motivates our large-scale computational study of the Dulmage-Mendelsohn decomposition of site-diluted bipartite lattices in two and three dimensions. Our computations uncover an interesting universality class of percolation associated with the end-to-end connectivity of such monomer-carrying regions with local sublattice imbalance, which we dub {\em Dulmage-Mendelsohn percolation}. Our results imply the existence of a monomer percolation transition in the classical statistical mechanics of the associated maximally-packed dimer model and the existence of a phase with area-law entanglement entropy of arbitrary many-body eigenstates of the corresponding quantum dimer model. They also have striking implications for the nature of collective zero-energy Majorana fermion excitations of bipartite networks of Majorana modes localized on sites of diluted lattices, for the character of topologically-protected zero-energy wavefunctions of the bipartite random hopping problem on such lattices, and thence for the corresponding quantum percolation problem, and for the nature of low-energy magnetic excitations in bipartite quantum antiferromagnets diluted by a small density of nonmagnetic impurities.

arXiv commentversion to appear in PRX; minor changes to text, slightly expanded discussion of computational methods and implications for diluted antiferromagnets, no new results

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• Superconductivity and charge-density-wave in the Holstein model on the Penrose Lattice
• Magnetic effects of non-magnetic impurities in gapped short-range resonating valence bond spin liquids
• Hamiltonian Cycles on Ammann-Beenker Tilings
• Theory of collective topologically-protected Majorana fermion excitations of networks of localized Majorana modes