Observation of a strongly ferromagnetic spinor Bose-Einstein condensate

Abstract

We report the observation of strongly ferromagnetic $F=1$ spinor Bose-Einstein condensates of ${}^7$Li atoms. The condensates are generated in an optical dipole trap without using magnetic Feshbach resonances, so that the condensates have internal spin degrees of freedom. Studying the non-equilibrium spin dynamics, we have measured the ferromagnetic spin interaction energy and determined the $s$-wave scattering length difference among total spin $f$ channels to be $a_{f=2}-a_{f=0}=-18(3)$ Bohr radius. This strong collision-channel dependence leads to a large variation in the condensate size with different spin composition. We were able to excite a radial monopole mode after a spin-flip transition between the $|m_F=0⟩$ and $|m_F=1⟩$ spin states. From the experiments, we estimated the scattering length ratio $a_{f=2}/a_{f=0}=0.27(6)$, and determined $a_{f=2}$ = 7(2) and $a_{f=0}$ = 25(5) Bohr radii, respectively. The results indicate the spin-dependent interaction energy of our system is as large as 46$\%$ of the condensate chemical potential.

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• Universality class of a spinor Bose-Einstein condensate far from equilibrium
• Dark soliton-like magnetic domain walls in a two-dimensional ferromagnetic superfluid
• Propagating Ferrodark Solitons in a Superfluid: Exact Solutions and Anomalous Dynamics
• Existence, Stability and Dynamics of Monopole and Alice Ring Solutions in Anti-Ferromagnetic Spinor Condensates
• Spin-Current Instability at a Magnetic Domain Wall in a Ferromagnetic Superfluid: a Generation Mechanism of Eccentric Fractional Skyrmions
• A damped point-vortex model for polar-core spin vortices in a ferromagnetic spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate
• Stability and dynamics across magnetic phases of vortex-bright type excitations in spinor Bose-Einstein condensates
• Patterns, spin-spin correlations and competing instabilities in driven quasi-two-dimensional spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates
• Three-body spin mixing in spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates
• Spinor Boson Droplets Stabilized By Spin Fluctuations
• A generalized effective spin-chain formalism for strongly interacting spinor gases in optical lattice
• Polarized Rabi-Coupled and Spinor Boson Droplets
• Metastable spin-phase diagrams in antiferromagnetic Bose-Einstein condensates
• Dynamics of a Nonequilibrium Discontinuous Quantum Phase Transition in a Spinor Bose-Einstein Condensate
• Absence of the breakdown of ferrodark solitons exhibiting a snake instability
• Area laws and thermalization from classical entropies in a Bose-Einstein condensate
• Core structure of static ferrodark solitons in a spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate
• Entropy estimation in a spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensate
• Gaussian trajectory description of fragmentation in an isolated spinor condensate
• Stochastic Gross-Pitaevskii theory for a spin-1 Bose gas: Application to superfluidity in two dimensions
• Controlling atomic spin-mixing via multiphoton transitions in a cavity
• Berezinskii-Kosterlitz-Thouless transitions in a ferromagnetic superfluid: effects of axial magnetization
• Motion of ferrodark solitons in trapped superfluids: spin corrections and emergent oscillators
• Manifold formation and crossings of ultracold lattice spinor atoms in the intermediate interaction regime
• Dynamic scaling of vorticity in phase-separating superfluid mixtures
• Optical-plug-assisted spin vortex in a ${}^{87}$Rb dipolar spinor Bose-Einstein condensate
• Emergent quantum field theories on curved spacetimes in spinor Bose-Einstein condensates: from scalar to Proca fields
• Dynamics of Polar-Core Spin Vortices in Inhomogeneous Spin-1 Bose-Einstein Condensates
• Unvortex Lattice and Topological Defects in Rigidly Rotating Multicomponent Superfluids
• Solitons and soliton interactions in repulsive spinor Bose-Einstein condensates with non-zero background