Radio frequency emissions from dark-matter-candidate magnetized quark nuggets interacting with matter

Abstract

Quark nuggets are theoretical objects composed of approximately equal numbers of up, down, and strange quarks. They are also called strangelets, nuclearites, AQNs, slets, Macros, and MQNs. Quark nuggets are a candidate for dark matter, which has been a mystery for decades despite constituting $\sim 85\%$ of matter. Most previous models of quark nuggets have assumed no intrinsic magnetic field; however, Tatsumi found that quark nuggets may exist in magnetars as a ferromagnetic liquid with a magnetic field between $10^{11}$ T and $10^{13}$ T. We apply that result to quark nuggets, a dark-matter candidate consistent with the Standard Model, and report results of analytic calculations and simulations that show they spin up and emit electromagnetic radiation at $\sim 10^4$ Hz to $\sim 10^9$ Hz after passage through planetary environments. The results depend strongly on the value of $B_o$, which is a parameter to guide and interpret observations. A proposed sensor system with three satellites at 51,000 km altitude illustrates the feasibility of using radio-frequency emissions to detect 0.003 to 1600 MQNs, depending on Bo, during a five year mission.

31 pages, 9 figures, 4 tables, submitted to Scientific Reports. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2004.12272 (as referenced by authors). This is a post-peer-review, pre-copy-edit version of an article published in Scientific Reports. The final authenticated version is available open-source online. at: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-70718-3

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• Limits on Magnetized Quark-Nugget Dark Matter from Episodic Natural Events