Observation of Pauli Crystals

Abstract

The Pauli exclusion principle is a fundamental law underpinning the structure of matter. Due to their anti-symmetric wave function, no two fermions can occupy the same quantum state. Here, we report on the direct observation of the Pauli principle in a continuous system of up to six particles in the ground state of a two-dimensional harmonic oscillator. To this end, we sample the full many-body wavefunction by applying a single atom resolved imaging scheme in momentum space. We find so-called Pauli crystals as a manifestation of higher order correlations. In contrast to true crystalline phases, these unique high-order density correlations emerge even without any interactions present. Our work lays the foundation for future studies of correlations in strongly interacting systems of many fermions.

arXiv comment10 pages, 8 figures

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Cited by in corpus (37)

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• Full counting statistics for interacting trapped fermions
• Pauli blocking of atomic spontaneous decay
• In-situ Imaging of a Single-Atom Wave Packet in Continuous Space
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• Few-body correlations in two-dimensional Bose and Fermi ultracold mixtures
• Counting statistics for non-interacting fermions in a rotating trap
• Universal tetramer and pentamer in two-dimensional fermionic mixtures
• Few-body analogue quantum simulation with Rydberg-dressed atoms in optical lattices
• Dynamical phase transition in the occupation fraction statistics for non-crossing Brownian particles
• Imaging a ${}^6$Li Atom In An Optical Tweezer 2000 Times with $\Lambda$-Enhanced Gray Molasses
• Emergence of Crystalline Few-body Correlations in Mass-imbalanced Fermi Polarons
• Wigner function for noninteracting fermions in hard wall potentials
• Probing phases of quantum matter with an ion-trap tensor-network quantum eigensolver
• Nonrelativistic Conformal Invariance in Mesoscopic Two-Dimensional Fermi Gases
• Probing infinite many-body quantum systems with finite-size quantum simulators
• Exact closed-form analytic wave functions in two dimensions: Contact-interacting fermionic spinful ultracold atoms in a rapidly rotating trap
• Comparison of renormalized interactions using one-dimensional few-body systems as a testbed
• Pauli crystal melting in shaken optical traps
• A Generalized Theory for Optical Cooling of a Trapped Atom with Spin
• Impurity-induced pairing in two-dimensional Fermi gases
• Hole probability for noninteracting fermions in a $d$-dimensional trap
• Pauli crystals -- interplay of symmetries
• Pair-correlation ansatz for the ground state of interacting bosons in an arbitrary one-dimensional potential
• Tunnel-coupled optical microtraps for ultracold atoms
• Pauli crystals in harmonic trap and on a sphere
• Two-dimensional bosonic droplets in a harmonic trap
• Scale and conformal invariance in rotating interacting few-fermion systems
• Few-to-many-particle crossover of pair excitations in a superfluid
• Exact first-order effect of interactions on the ground-state energy of harmonically-confined fermions
• Pauli crystal superradiance
• How many particles do make a fluid? Qualifying collective behavior in expanding ultracold gases
• Impurity immersed in a two-component few-fermion mixture in a one-dimensional harmonic trap
• Composite Bosons Superposition Ansatz Approach to One-Dimensional Trapped Few-Fermion Systems