Cosmological Evolution of Flat-Spectrum Radio Quasars based on the {\it Swift}/BAT 105-month Catalog and Their Contribution to the Cosmic MeV Gamma-ray Background Radiation

Abstract

We present a new X-ray luminosity function of flat-spectrum radio quasars (FSRQs) utilizing the latest {\it Swift}/BAT 105-month X-ray source catalog. Contrary to previous studies of FSRQs in the X-ray band, using the luminosity-dependent density evolution model, we find that FSRQs show evolutionary peaks at $z\sim 1-2$ depending on luminosities. Our result is rather consistent with the evolution of FSRQs seen in the radio and GeV bands, although the number density is a factor of 5--10 smaller. We further explore the contribution of FSRQs to the cosmic MeV gamma-ray background radiation. We find that FSRQs can explain only $\sim 3$\% of the observed MeV gamma-ray background fluxes around 1 MeV, indicating other populations are required. Future MeV gamma-ray observations will be keys for understanding the origin of the MeV gamma-ray background radiation.

Accepted for ApJ

References in corpus (11)

• The synthesis of the cosmic X-ray background in the Chandra and XMM-Newton era
• The spectrum of isotropic diffuse gamma-ray emission between 100 MeV and 820 GeV
• Toward the Standard Population Synthesis Model of the X-Ray Background: Evolution of X-Ray Luminosity and Absorption Functions of Active Galactic Nuclei Including Compton-Thick Populations
• Radio-Loudness of Active Galactic Nuclei: Observational Facts and Theoretical Implications
• The power of relativistic jets is larger than the luminosity of their accretion disks
• The 5th edition of the Roma-BZCAT. A short presentation
• Cosmic X-ray background and Earth albedo Spectra with Swift/BAT
• The Origin of the Extragalactic Gamma-Ray Background and Implications for Dark-Matter Annihilation
• INTEGRAL observations of the cosmic X-ray background in the 5-100 keV range via occultation by the Earth
• General Physical Properties of CGRaBS Blazars
• The Cosmic MeV Gamma-ray Background and Hard X-ray Spectra of Active Galactic Nuclei: Implications for the Origin of Hot AGN Coronae

Cited by in corpus (9)

• BASS XXXIII: Swift-BAT blazars and their jets through cosmic time
• Revisiting the constraints on primordial black hole abundance with the isotropic gamma ray background
• High energy emission component, population, and contribution to the extragalactic gamma-ray background of gamma-ray emitting radio galaxies
• Gamma-ray and Neutrino Signals from Accretion Disk Coronae of Active Galactic Nuclei
• The Impact of the CMB on the Evolution of high-z Blazars
• Cross-match between the latest Swift-BAT and Fermi-LAT catalogs
• The diffuse extragalactic gamma-ray background radiation: star-forming galaxies are not the dominant component
• Source identification for the Swift-BAT 150-month hard X-ray catalog using soft X-ray observations
• The Gamma-ray Luminosity Function of Flat-Spectrum Radio Quasars